A plan by India to build digital databases of farmers to boost their incomes has raised concerns about privacy and the exclusion of poor farmers and those without land titles.听
Tech firm Microsoft will run a pilot for the agriculture ministry鈥檚听AgriStack听in 100 villages in six Indian states to听鈥渄evelop (a) farmer interface for smart and well-organized agriculture鈥澨齛imed at improving efficiency and reducing waste.听
Each farmer will have a unique digital identification that contains personal details, information about the land they farm, as well as production and financial details. Each ID will be linked to the individual鈥檚 digital national ID Aadhaar.听
AgriStack听will create听鈥渁 unified platform for farmers to provide them end to end services across the agriculture food value chain,鈥澨齛uthorities have said, amid a broader push to听digitize data in India, from land titles to medical records.听
But the project is being rolled out without consultations with farmers, and with no legal framework to protect their personal data, according to more than 50 farmers鈥櫶齡roups and digital rights听organizations that have criticized the proposal.听
鈥淭hese developments … seem to be taking place in a policy vacuum with respect to the data privacy of farmers,鈥澨齮hey said in a statement.听鈥淪uch an approach may fail to solve structural issues and instead gives rise to new problems.鈥听
A spokesman for the agriculture ministry did not respond to a request for comment.听
About two-thirds of India鈥檚 1.3 billion population relies on farming for a living, but a majority are small and marginal farmers with limited access to advanced technologies or formal credit that can help improve output and fetch better prices.听
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who has vowed to double farmers鈥櫶齣ncomes by 2022鈥23, last September passed three new laws that seek to deregulate and听modernize agriculture.听
Farmer groups have opposed the laws, saying they will only benefit large private buyers at their expense.听
Digital farming technologies and services, including sensors to monitor cattle, drones to analyze soil and apply pesticide, can improve yields and significantly boost farmers鈥櫶齣ncomes, according to a study by consulting firm Accenture.听
But such technologies also generate huge amounts of data that can be used without the consent of farmers, said Rohin Garg, associate policy counsel at the non-profit Internet Freedom Foundation.听
鈥淚n the absence of a data protection regulation, farmers鈥櫶齞ata may be exploited by private sector entities鈥澨齛nd lead to high interest rates on farm loans and forced evictions, he said.听
Digitization can also exclude pastoral communities, Dalits and indigenous people who are often prevented from owning land.听
鈥淭hese cultivators and farmers are still not part of data systems and they are not听recognized as farmers,鈥澨齭aid the non-profit Alliance for Sustainable and Holistic Agriculture.听
鈥淯ltimately, any proposal which seeks to tackle the issues that plague Indian agriculture must address the fundamental causes of these issues听鈥听something the existing implementation of the听AgriStack听fails to do.鈥澨鈥听Rina Chandran/Thomson Reuters Foundation
