Succession & Transition Archives - ��ý Online

Gov’t’s countryside focus brings optimism for rural lenders

��ý — Sun, 31 Jul 2016 06:49:48 +0000

The government’s move to focus on provinces is expected to help rural banks boost productivity of farmers. (AFP)

by Imee Charlee C. Delavin, Reporter

The Duterte administration’s push to develop agriculture and areas outside Metro Manila has cast a ray of hope on smaller lenders wanting to regain their footing, if not expand.
Even while campaigning for the Presidency, then Davao City Mayor Rodrigo R. Duterte has capitalized on the disparity in economic development between what he called “Imperial Manila” and the rest of the country, especially the rural areas.
Rural banks have mirrored the countryside’s neglect, with a growing number of the industry’s members driven to bankruptcy. This forced the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and the Philippine Deposit Insurance Corp. (PDIC) to launch a rescue package that includes tax and other incentives for third-party investors willing to avert closures, if not revive forlorn rural lenders.
Despite two extensions of the program, rural banks continue to fall by the wayside, erasing the little amount depositors had earned on their accounts, if not their trust in banks altogether.
Rural Bankers Association of the Philippines (RBAP) President Antonio O. Pasia said rural banks are hoping to participate in the financial inclusion thrust of the new government.
“We’re hopeful, we definitely would like to participate in the programs of the new administration, we would be offering the rural banks to take part in the countryside development,” said Mr. Pasia, who is also president of Batangas-based Malarayat Rural Bank Inc.
“We think the new administration is more receptive towards the needs of the farmers and fisherfolks that’s why we’re offering the services of the rural banks in those areas,” he said.
Rural banks are front liners in countryside development and in financing the needs of farmers, fisher folks and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs).
These lenders serve as the platform for bigger banks to fulfill their required 25% credit quota to the farming sector, as mandated by the Agri-Agra Reform Credit Act of 2009.
The small lenders could also serve as the platform for small and medium-scale enterprises to secure funding for their business expansions through microfinance.
With stiffer competition in the banking space, rural banks would like to strengthen [their] position in [their] own areas and “hopefully compete in the delivery of credit to the countryside” by merging to build stronger lenders, upgrading technology and forging partnerships, Mr. Pasia said.
“Eventually, there will be lesser number of rural banks because of consolidations and mergers but stronger players. I think for those that will stay on, there future will be better,” he said.

Tunas are cleaned for export in General Santos City in this file photo. Rural and thrift banks are optimistic that the Duterte government’s focus on the countryside will help spur regional industries, which, in turn, will also further increase lending. (AFP)

Development of regional industries sought

Economists have welcomed the Duterte administration’s plan to hasten growth in the agriculture and fisheries sectors, which account for roughly 10% of gross domestic product (GDP) but employs almost a third of the country’s workforce.
The World Bank and the Asian Development Bank have said in previous reports that poverty can be addressed by improving the agriculture sector. Business leaders have also included in their recommendations to the administration the delivery of support services like financing, technology, and logistics to farmers and the adoption of value-chain development for rural-based enterprises.
In line with the new government’s thrust to develop the countryside, business leaders also recommended the development of regional industries.
“The Philippines’ growing middle class and the Duterte administration’s focus on promoting rural development could broaden the reach of the banking system, potentially resulting in more revenue streams,” said Land Bank of the Philippines market economist Guian Angelo S. Dumalagan.
Chamber of Thrift Banks President Rommel S. Latinazo said the sector remains “very optimistic” given the new administration’s thrust.
“I think we continue to push for inclusive growth that means when there is development in the countryside, it means more opportunities for lending activities and there’s a need for financing, credit facilities as well as consumer financing — these are the two main businesses of thrift banks,” Mr. Latinazo, who is also RCBC Savings Bank President and CEO, said.
“Of course there’s also that pronouncement from the administration that they’d like to push for the agricultural side and that’s where many thrift banks are positioned… [A]griculture means it’s not going to happen in Metro Manila, it will happen outside Metro Manila, in the provinces and that’s where most of us are positioned like the stand-alone thrift banks, so that’s also an opportunity that makes us positive,” he added.
Mr. Latinazo said consolidations among smaller banks will become more sensible amid stiffer competition in the near term.
“Consolidation remains to be the thrust of government. The BSP has been putting up incentives to encourage more integration, consolidation. That is happening [to] all sectors — rural banks, thrift banks and we see that continuing. Indications are there. A lot of foreign banks are looking at us, either by way of putting up their own or via investment in an existing bank,” Mr. Latinazo said.
Maybank ATR Kim Eng banking sector analyst Katherine Tan said mergers and acquisition “has been quite attractive because there’s a lot of growth potential, as we’re very underserved and the banking space remains underpenetrated.”
“We’ve already seen a lot of big banks acquiring rural banks for the past years and there’s been a lot and it’s still going to continue. We have over 600 banks in the Philippines and the consolidation would continue,” she said.

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Imee Charlee C. Delavin () covers private banks for . She loves to travel.

Indie artists try to benefit from Spotify while keeping day jobs

��ý — Sun, 31 Jul 2016 06:46:35 +0000

Like many indie Filipino bands, Fools and Foes (above) take advantage of electronic platforms to increase their popularity. (Julianne Ruizol)

by Julianne S. Ruizol

It’s not easy being an independent Filipino musical artist.
Most of the time fellow musicians, fans, and listeners argue about the intricacies of Original Pilipino Music (OPM). Some say OPM is dead while others insist it’s alive but only in different reincarnations. After all, the local indie music scene is a hodgepodge of genres offering different flavors for everyone’s listening preference: jazz, hip hop, electronica, alternative, industrial, metal, blues — you name it, somebody else is likely to play it.
But the debate about OPM is just one part of living the independent musician’s life.
To survive, most local indie music artists and bands live off gigs and bookings and keep their day jobs, if only to stay true to being the “indies” that they are.
However, artistic integrity has its price.
To be considered as a fully functional band, a lot of investments have to be made.
Besides setting aside cash to pay for rehearsal space — P250 an hour — independent artists also need to bankroll their own music productions with expenses shared between band manager, technical crew, and other helping hands.
“There is no support,” Clarence Garcia, lead guitarist of tide/edit, an indie band, said in an interview. “You support yourself. Gone are the golden days of the music scene wherein you find a place you will regular play at and you will be discovered.”
This is exactly the reason why members of Oh, Flamingo! — a five-piece band which plays indie rock infused with tropical styles and elements — makes themselves available after gigs.
“You don’t leave immediately after your set. Early on, during our first few gig, we made it a point to stick around and really talk to the people who invited us. We were still new and unknown so you have to stay and talk, to establish further rapport, so to speak,” drummer Fries Bersales of Oh, Flamingo! said in a separate interview.
Another technique to sell their music involves at least one member who takes a position near the bar.
“That way, you can be approachable or at the entrance or outside so they know that you [already] played. You’re already available. Your defenses are down. You don’t have friends around you. [People] can already approach you,” Howard Luistro, Oh, Flamingo!’s vocalist and guitarist said.

Filipino Indie band Oh, Flamingo! signs up with labels but only for engagements involving limited production releases. (Julianne Ruizol)

Limited engagement with music labels

On occasion, bands like Oh, Flamingo! sign up with labels but only for engagements involving limited production releases covered by profit sharing agreements.
“Wide Eyed Records came to us and let us release our EP (extended play) under their label, so instead of just being able to produce 100, around 750 CDs [were produced] and then we agreed on sharing the profit. Everybody’s happy. Everything went back to us. It wasn’t a lopsided deal,” Pappu de Leon, Oh, Flamingo!’s lead guitarist, said.
The label also helped the band with the copyrights of their songs and with the distribution of their album to various commercial establishments including Team Manila and Satchmi. Other local bands who have enlisted the help of Wide Eyes Records are Halik ni Gringo and Ang Bandang Shirley, to name a few.
While their EP — a recording that’s more than a single but isn’t enough for a full album — is released under a label, the band themselves remain independent and do all the work themselves. A new contract would have to be signed if the band is seeking to release another album.
“It works for independent artists because we have creative freedom as compared to being signed to [major labels], you have a six-year contract,” the band said.
Meanwhile, other groups — while striving to keep their artistic independence — also take advantage of label’s e-commerce platforms to raise awareness and attract wider audiences.
Groups such as tide/edit and Fools and Foes are affiliated with A Spur of the Moment Project, along with other local indie bands including Run Dorothy and Tom’s Story.
Fools and Foes released their debut EP “Underneath the Roots” on December 4, 2015, while tide/edit has released an EP (“Ideas,” August 2012) and two full-length albums (“Foreign Languages,” June 2014; “Lightfoot,” November 2015).
Signing up with A Spur the Moment Project allows groups to take advantage of the label’s e-commerce platform.
“The e-commerce platform is a big help for us, for a band that doesn’t do live shows too often,” Lead guitarist Clarence Garcia of tide/edit said. “We’re a band that doesn’t really play live so it’s important for us so it works. We get to ship stuff locally, provincial orders, we get to ship even in overseas. I’m not sure why not everyone is doing it. It’s a basic requirement if you have something to sell. You have to make it [products] accessible for everyone.”

Electronic platforms help increase awareness of bands such as tide/edit, which doesn’t do live shows often. (Julianne Ruizol)

Using Spotify

And speaking of going online to popularize and sell their music, Oh, Flamingo! and Fools and Foes began using the Spotify with the help of their respective labels. Both of them also revealed that putting their music up on the site was mainly for exposure and audience reach and not for a secondary or tertiary source of income.
Being self-made musicians, Oh, Flamingo! had their doubts using the platform at first saying they “thought we could do that on our own through aggregator website, but we realized maybe we won’t be able to manage that given our time constraints and resources.” “We eventually saw Spotify as an opportunity to really exponentially spread our music because at least we can get people who not only buy the CD but [even] one with a smartphone can hear our music,” they added.
Fools and Foes said it “didn’t really upload music in Spotify to get revenue, but to get exposure. For a new indie band like us, it’s important to get our music out there.”
While members of tide/edit remain unsure whether they got traction from Spotify, they nevertheless see tweets tagging them, telling them that their listeners heard them first on Spotify.
Moreover, both Fools and Foes and Oh, Flamingo! believe that streaming and CD albums could go hand in hand with each other.
“It could go two ways. Some listeners can opt to listen to an artist via Spotify instead, while others, because they discovered the artist via Spotify, they could be encouraged to buy the artist’s physical CD. We definitely think online streaming is more rampant than listening to CDs. Technology as well is already phasing out the use of CDs,” said Fools and Foes in an email reply.
It may be too early to tell whether Spotify can help indie bands earn enough to keep them independent.
But for the moment, the music service nevertheless helps them distribute their music despite risks of related investments they’ve made.
So for now, none of them are planning to quit the day job or leave the rat race.
“Our goal is not how to make money,” tide/edit said. “Our goal is how not to lose money. It’s fun to be in a band. We enjoy the process. We enjoy what we’re doing and we want to do this over and over again.”

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Julianne S. Ruizol () covers the Senate and the Department of Foreign Affairs for ��ý. Her wide music preferences range from 90s MTV to current Korean pop hits.

BPOs seek to expand, create more jobs in provinces

��ý — Sun, 31 Jul 2016 06:44:08 +0000

The Philippines’ business process outsourcing industry — a sunshine sector — hopes to employ another million workers. (AFP)

by��Raynan F. Javil

The Duterte administration has promised to decongest “Imperial Manila” and reduce its prominence in the country’s national life. In so doing, the government — led for the first time by someone from Mindanao — vowed to bring inclusive growth to the countryside.

While businesses may be prepared to bring their operations outside the capital, are these areas ready to support industry expansion, including the information technology-business process management (IT-BPM) sector, currently the Philippines’ sunshine industry?

That remains to be a work in progress.

But it doesn’t mean that the private sector and the government aren’t working together to enhance the capacity of cities and towns outside Manila.

If the government aims to decentralize the growth, infrastructure should follow, Chermaine B. Muro, director of Premier BPO, Inc., told ��ý in an interview.

“Other provinces outside Manila should be ready to be able to serve what is needed by the BPO industry, especially the connectivity,” said the executive of Premier BPO, which offers back-office processing, financial services, information technology services, among others, to its customers.

Measuring capacities of towns, cities

To this end, IT-BPM has launched road map which serves as a “prescription” for cities across the country to assess their readiness for the sector’s expansion. The IT-BPAP (Business Process Association of the Philippines) listed the criteria the industry uses to measure these towns and cities: human capital, connectivity, and community development.

“We have been publishing what we call ‘The Next Wave City Report’ for how many years now, and what it does is it helps cities across the Philippines to look at on these measures, how are they and what can you actually to improve them,” IT-BPAP Executive Committee Chairman Benedict C. Hernandez said during the initial launch of the new road map 2022, which carried the theme, “Accelerate PH.”

Mr. Hernandez added that aside from “The Next Wave City Report,” the IT-BPAP also named the top 20 emerging cities to watch out for.

In its latest report published in April, IT-BPAP announced the following as the Top 10 Next Wave Cities:

Baguio City
Cagayan de Oro City
Dagupan City
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Dumaguete City
Lipa City
Malolos City
Naga City
Sta. Rosa City
Laguna; and
Taytay, Rizal

Moreover, the emerging cities seen to sustain the growth of the sector are:

Balanga City
Batangas City
Iriga City
Laoag City
Legazpi City
Puerto Princesa City
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Tarlac City
Tuguegarao City
Zamboanga City

He said that the dialogues between the association and the government are under way to identify the key strengths and opportunities in an area to attract investments.

“I was involved in the last one… in Dipolog. So again looking at what’s available here, how’s the talent, how’s the infrastructure so that’s gonna keep going. So our goal is to keep promoting ten if not 20 cities,” Mr. Hernandez said.

He also expressed optimism that the IT-BPM sector is on track to meet the 1.3-million direct employment target under the 2012-2016 road map. As of 2015, the sector has directly employed some 1.2 million workers, according to its data.

Creating another million jobs

He also said that the Philippines’ IT-BPM is now about a tenth of the industry’s global size.

“Our ambition is to create another one million higher value direct jobs in IT-BPM over the next six years. There’s also an additional three to four indirect jobs created per direct job in our industry, according to research. So in total, we are looking at four to five million new jobs in the country,” Mr. Hernandez said on the new road map.

He also noted that during the past five years, the Philippine IT-BPM sector has been growing more than twice the global growth rate, and with this, the country can shift into high value services.

Part of the ambition of the industry is to diversify its services, Mr. Hernandez said, noting that the Philippines dominated the contact center industry since 2010.

Aside from contact centers, other services that have grown over the past years — and still has the potential to grow even more — are health care information, IT, and the global in-house center service, in which financial institutions establish a base in the country for mid-office operations of credit processing, among others, he said.

Mr. Hernandez noted that 300,000 jobs — roughly 30% of the industry’s total work force — were provided outside the capital and “part of focus of the new road map is how to continue to push more and more investment and job creation outside of Manila.”

Current technological trends present significant opportunities for the Philippines, he said.

Labor pool tricky outside Manila

One of the hurdles in the rapid expansion of the IT-BPM sector is the lack of qualified labor pool “that could actually work in an IT-BPO sector,” Premier BPO’s Ms. Muro also said.

Once you reach out and start expansion outside the capital, “the labor pool gets a little tricky,” Ms. Muro said.

In order to address this concern, Mr. Hernandez said that “the key is making sure human capital is able to get ready” as the landscape in the IT-BPM sector evolves through time.

Moreover, one of the reasons driving the expansion outside Manila, Ms. Muro said, is the cost of rent in the saturated central business districts in the capital.

She said that locating outside Manila is the trend right now for a BPO firm as it is the “cheaper way of expanding.”

��ý earlier reported that in Bonifacio Global City in Taguig City, rental rates are projected to increase to P1,163 per square meter (sqm) in 2020 from the P957 estimated for this year, CB Richard Ellis Philippines (CBRE) Philippines, Inc. said.

In a separate report, CBRE noted that monthly office rental rates in Metro Manila averaged P870.47 per sqm in the fourth quarter of 2015, up 2.54% from the previous quarter. These comprised rental rates in Makati, Fort Bonifacio, Ortigas, Quezon City, Alabang and the Bay Area.

New agency to help industry achieve milestones

Meanwhile, the IT-BPAP believes that the creation of the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) “will help the industry achieve the new milestones as recommended” in the new road map.

Mr. Hernandez noted that the IT-BPAP was one of the first to call for the creation of the ICT department since the beginning.

Mr. Hernandez said that the DICT will particularly help them execute the provisions of the Anti-Cyber Crime Law and the Data Privacy Law – two laws seen to be critical in making the country more attractive in foreign investors.

Moreover the IT-BPAP said that it looks forward for a “strong partnership and collaboration” with the new administration.

The industry association further noted that “embracing digital trends presents a path for the Philippines to accelerate moving up to the higher value chain.”

“Disruption in technology can be considered a threat or can be embraced to take advantage of its opportunities,” IT-BPAP said.

—�Ĕ�Ĕ�Ĕ�Ĕ�Ĕ�Ĕ

Raynan F. Javil () covers several beats — including the House of Representatives and the Office of the Vice-President — for ��ý.

Gov’t, business set sights outside Metro Manila for inclusive growth

��ý — Thu, 28 Jul 2016 06:56:19 +0000

by Krista Angela M. Montealegre, National Correspondent��

President Rodrigo R. Duterte has so far been saying the right things: accelerating infrastructure spending, cutting red tape, and reforming the tax system. The tough-talking leader has made believers out of the business elite, but more work must be done to achieve his goal of reinvigorating the countryside to spread benefits of rapid economic growth.

Speaking before some of the country’s biggest names in business,��Finance Secretary Carlos G. Dominguez III said the government aims to accelerate infrastructure development in the rural areas, lining up “quite a number” of projects for implementation either through the public-private partnership (PPP) or government budget methods.

This sentiment was also expressed by Socioeconomic Planning Secretary Ernesto M. Pernia during the ��ý Economic Forum on July 12 at the Shangri-La at The Fort in Taguig City.

“We’ll continue the good macroeconomic policies, but we want to make a big push toward regional and rural development, which was not given too much emphasis in the previous administration,” Mr. Pernia said.

Freshly harvested bananas are processed in Davao del Norte province in Mindanao as shown in this file photo. The country’s second-largest island is expected to become a major food basket under the Duterte government. (AFP)

The next big thing: Mindanao

Under former President Benigno S.C. Aquino III’s watch, the Philippine gross domestic product expanded by an average of 6.2%��— the��fastest pace since the 1970s��—��but��his failure to��make the economic gains felt by majority of the Filipinos has tainted that legacy.

Mr. Duterte — who transformed Davao once notorious for crime into a gold mine for corporates during his 22 years as mayor — plans to lure businesses to far-flung provinces in an effort to lift a fourth of the population out of poverty.

The “big story” within the next six years will be Mindanao, which is envisioned to become the country’s “major food basket,” Mr. Dominguez said.

Decades of under-investment, corruption, and violence have plagued the major southernmost island in the Philippines, leaving most parts of it impoverished.

Developing the necessary power, water, communications and transport infrastructure will be crucial to realize the government’s goal, with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) projecting that the Philippines must invest up to $127 billion in infrastructure from 2010 to 2020.

The Duterte administration intends to continue projects under the public-private partnership program — the cornerstone strategy of his predecessor to boost spending on major infrastructure that would spur economic activity nationwide.

The��PPP��Center — the central coordinating and monitoring agency for big-ticket infrastructure projects the government is undertaking with private companies — has��53��infrastructure projects in its pipeline, 12 of which cumulatively worth some P217.4 billion have been awarded so��far.

First Pacific Co. Ltd. Managing Director Manuel V. Pangilinan said the gaping deficits in the economy such as infrastructure present investment opportunities for local and foreign companies.

Metro Pacific Investments Corp., which has interests in power generation, toll roads, water utility, and hospitals,�� is one of three Philippine subsidiaries of Hong Kong-based First Pacific Co. Ltd., the others being PLDT, Inc. and Philex Mining Corp. Hastings Holdings, Inc. — a unit of PLDT Beneficial Trust Fund subsidiary MediaQuest Holdings, Inc. — maintains interest in ��ý��through the Philippine Star Group, which it controls.

“We all know there is poverty standing in the way so addressing it must be the business of business, not only of government’s. The optimum approach to poverty is creating jobs,” Mr. Pangilinan said, during the same event.

Vehicles in a traffic jam make their way along a highway in Manila in this photo taken in 2013. Traffic in the metropolis has gotten worse, thanks to economic growth and easy credit, allowing millions to buy cars. (AFP)

Decongesting Metro Manila

Infrastructure woes have come in the way of the Philippines reaching its economic growth potential and the improvement of quality of life, AC Energy��Holdings, Inc. President and Chief Executive Officer John Eric T.��Francia, who led the Ayala group’s foray into the transport infrastructure and energy sectors.

“We believe this is solvable with the help of the private sector,” Mr. Francia said.

Property developer Megaworld Corp. Senior Vice-President Kevin L. Tan said an expansion to the countryside will provide growth opportunities for the tourism and the business process outsourcing (BPO) industries. The real estate firm plans to unveil two more townships in Mindanao.

“We believe in the vision of the President…The key to decongest Metro Manila is to drive development to rural areas,” Mr. Tan said.

But bringing the private sector out of the lucrative capital may come with several challenges. Companies are chasing returns and the government must provide incentives for businesses to cater to the communities offering lower average revenue per user versus those in urban centers.

“The challenge is basically that there are densities for projects to be viable in these places. Clearly, there is a need for a lot of basic infrastructure such as electricity, water, fixed telephone, and mobile telephone and the only way they are going to develop is for these infrastructure to reach these areas,” said Aboitiz Equity Ventures, Inc. President and Chief Executive Officer Erramon I. Aboitiz.

Globe Telecom, Inc. President Ernest L. Cu said the government must help the private sector build the infrastructure in the marginalized areas to make it viable for businesses to operate there.

Mr. Cu recommended the construction of a fiber optic network in areas such as the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) that telecommunication companies can rent from the government.

“If government builds roads, they should also be building the information highway. It’s as vital as farm to market roads,” Mr. Cu said.

“Our returns are predicated on a much shorter return in terms of time, but the government has a very long period of return and their basis case is not only predicated on the particular fiber optic it will rent [out] but also on the benefits of the community that will be sustained,” he added.

Even the President’s dream project — a major railway in Mindanao that will be linked to Luzon — may face some issues if he decides to undertake it through a PPP.

“It’s going to be missionary in nature. Rail, in itself, is already non-economic on a standalone basis for a private sector investment let alone in Mindanao,” Mr. Francia said.

The government has enabled online filing of income tax returns, reducing queues such as this one shown by a 2006 photo. However, the Philippines’ personal and corporate taxes remain one of the highest in Asia. (AFP)

Red tape, high taxes, and foreign ownership

The government’s focus on streamlining the bureaucracy and reducing the tax burden on companies and individuals will make the Philippines more competitive versus its neighbors in the region, said��Rustans Supercenters, Inc. President Bienvenido V. Tantoco III.

“If taxes are more competitive and more efficient, corporations will invest more and consumers will also spend more. There may be a period where things might get worse but on a medium term that will be beneficial for corporations and businesses,” Mr. Tantoco said.

Red tape and high taxes — not the Constitutional limits to foreign ownership — have been the main deterrent for foreign companies to invest here, said Sun Life of Canada (Philippines), Inc. President Rizalina G. Mantaring.

“If you are a company and you want to build a strong industry and strong capabilities for manufacturing, why will you locate in the Philippines when you can operate much more cheaply and efficiently elsewhere?” Ms. Mantaring said.

“Those are the things we need to address because once markets open up, consumers, revenues and investments flow to where it is most efficient,” she added.

At a time of lingering global uncertainty, the Philippines must take advantage of its robust growth momentum to attract more job-generating foreign direct investments — one of the lowest in the region.

“If we’re able to simplify processes, make it easier to do business in the Philippines, then we are setting ourselves up for success,” said Alaska Milk Corp. President Wilfred Steven Uytengsu, Jr.

Vice-President Maria Leonor “Leni” G. Robredo said companies must embrace “business unusual” where shared value — not profit — is the driver of growth.

“As the private sector redefines products and pricing models to turn the swaths of population that have been left out as their new target market, shared value is created. Growth and progress happen at the same time,” Ms. Robredo said.

Citing data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Ms. Robredo said rising inequality took away 10 percentage points of growth rates in Mexico and New Zealand, while cumulative growth rates in Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States would have been 6-9 percentage points higher had income disparities not widened.

“We need growth for all, not just for a select few. Progress that benefits only the elite is no progress at all,” she said.

—�Ĕ�Ĕ�Ĕ�Ĕ�Ĕ�Ĕ

Krista Angela M. Montealegre () has been writing about the corporate scene for nearly a decade, the last few years or so for .

Philippine banks to expand despite challenges

��ý — Thu, 28 Jul 2016 06:52:36 +0000

A woman sits with a pro-Brexit placard as a group of people set up a counter demonstration to a group taking part in a picnic against Brexit organized by the General Assembly in Green Park in London in��July 2016.��The British government on Saturday formally rejected a petition signed by more than 4.125 million people calling for a second referendum on Britain’s membership of the EU. (AFP)

by Imee Charlee C. Delavin, Reporter��

The next few years will be more challenging for Philippine banks amid headwinds from overseas, but the country’s sound macroeconomic fundamentals are seen fueling the local financial sector’s expansion, drawing in more foreign banks that want a piece of Asia’s rising star.

Since the start of the year, local financial markets have been buffeted by the divergence in the fortunes of the world’s biggest economies. In recent weeks, Britain’s decision to pull out of the European Union added to this uncertainty.

“With the exit of Britain from the European Union, investors right now are on a wait-and-see mode, assessing the repercussions of Britain’s decision on the health of the world economy,” Land Bank of the Philippines market economist Guian Angelo S. Dumalagan said.

“Britain could potentially undermine global growth by dampening consumer and business sentiment. Although another worldwide recession is unlikely given the steady pace of the US economy, the separation of Britain could definitely aggravate global economic divergence, resulting in increased volatility in financial markets,” he said.

The divergence among the world’s advanced economies has the US on the one hand raising interest rates to sustain its recovery from the Global Financial Crisis of 2008-2009. Japan and the Eurozone on the other hand are easing monetary policy to prevent their economies from sliding back.

Add to the mix China, which has slowed down in recent years, pulling along with it some emerging economies in Asia that rode on the export boom of the world’s second largest economy.

“Added stimulus would mean that interest rates may remain low, but very volatile, in the next few years,” Mr. Dumalagan said.

“Amid this global economic environment, Philippine banks might find themselves frequently adjusting their portfolios in response to mixed signals from abroad. Volatility offers profit opportunities, although market timing is critical. This could also mean that loan growth might remain strong, as relatively low interest rates could entice firms and households to borrow more,” he added.

Despite global headwinds, Philippine banks remain well-capitalized, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas said. (AFP)

Local lenders remain well-capitalized

Despite the external headwinds, Philippine banks remained well-capitalized, with a 14.91% capital adequacy ratio (CAR) at the end of last year, or well above 10% minimum set by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas’ (BSP) and the 8% floor under Basel III.

Capital buffers also were of high quality, mainly composed of common equity tier 1 (CET1) instruments, which represented 12.37% and 13.33% of risk-weighted assets on solo and consolidated bases, or more than double the minimum 6% share set by the BSP. The share of Tier 1 capital — composed of common equity and qualified capital instruments — also stood at 12.55% and 13.48% at end-2015, higher than the 7.5% requirement.

The banking sector’s total resources stood at P12.52 trillion at end-March 2016, up from the year-ago level of P11.37 trillion, as the public continued to place their savings in banks, thus supporting the industry’s expansion.

Universal and commercial banks’ total resources stood at P11.25 trillion, up from the P10.24 trillion at end-March 2015. Thrift banks had P1.05 trillion at end-December, while rural banks held P213 billion.

This was despite a drop in the number of banks operating in the country. At end-December, the number of lenders declined to 632 from 648 in 2014. However, total bank branches rose to 10,124 from just 9,713the previous year.

Big banks remained profitable in 2015, posting a combined net income of P120.275 billion.

According to the BSP’s assessment, “the Philippine banking system remains resilient as it continued to support long-term economic growth, [adding that] banks’ balance sheets were marked by sustained growth in assets and deposits.”

International credit raters have said the Philippine banking system remains sound and stable, as banks remained well-capitalized against any financial shocks, having been supported by the country’s strong fundamentals and rapid economic growth.

Bangko Sentral Governor Amando Tetangco Jr: ““The projection is that the Philippine economy will continue to grow at a rate above trend over the next few years.” (AFP)

Positive economic outlook

BSP Governor Amando M. Tetangco, Jr. agrees that the country’s solid macroeconomic fundamentals underpin the banking industry’s strength, adding that the positive outlook for the Philippine economy lends support to lenders’ resilience in the near- to medium-term.

“The projection is that the Philippine economy will continue to grow at a rate above trend over the next few years, which would indicate that there would be a need for funding increased economic activity during that period. That would augur well for the banking system,” Mr. Tetangco said.

Despite the global uncertainty, the Philippines’ gross domestic product (GDP) growth has averaged 6.3% annually since 2010. At 1.8 percentage points more than in the previous six years, the recent growth record is a bigger improvement than in any other country in the region, Capital Economics Ltd. earlier said.

Last year, GDP grew by 5.8% on the back of robust domestic demand and private investments, albeit missing a 7-8% target for 2015.

GDP grew by 6.9% in the first quarter of 2016, driven by an uptick in public disbursements, a surge in investments, and robust household consumption, which historically has contributed up to 70% of GDP. This year, the country is seen expanding by 6-7%, down from the initial target of 6.8-7.8%, but still above trend.

Workers stay onsite to fix a flood control project in Metro Manila. Big-ticket projects are expected to boost the expansion of Philippine banks further. (AFP)

Boost infrastructure spending

Seen boosting economic growth in the medium term is increased infrastructure spending — by at least 5% of GDP, going by what President Rodrigo R. Duterte’s economic managers have been saying. This in turn will be a boon to the banking industry.

“It helps that the new economic team has announced that they will ratchet up infrastructure spending. This would create the conditions for more future growth,” EastWest Banking Corp. President and CEO Antonio C. Moncupa, Jr. said.

“And if the campaign against criminality starts to bear fruits and the peace processes take off, these could unleash more upbeat mood and eventually investments and hopefully translate to more job opportunities for our workers,” he said.

Ildemarc C. Bautista, assistant vice-president and head of research at Metropolitan Bank & Trust Co., described as “unprecedented” the Duterte administration’s plan to ramp up infrastructure spending to as much as 7% of GDP.

“[C]onsumer and business loans should pick up on the back of these government stimulus programs and strong consumer spending,” he said, adding that, coupled with low global inflation and high domestic liquidity, “this should prove positive for the demand side.”

Maybank ATR Kim Eng banking sector analyst Katherine Tan said the government’s emphasis on infrastructure, particularly public-private partnership (PPP) projects can address banks’ compressing margins.

“[T]hey are term loans… they are considered as project financing and project financing usually gives you higher rates so more PPPs then that should also help the banks’ margin in the long-term,” Ms. Tan said. “There would be more room for growth for the banking sector in the next six years [as] more PPPs, more project-financing type of loans then that would probably help improve your margins.”

Back to basics

Patrick D. Cheng, first vice-president at China Banking Corp., said banks “should do reasonably well” during the next few years.The government’s PPP projects will boost the expansion of banks as “more conglomerates team up and share the risks and rewards” of such projects, giving local lenders “more capital market deals to attend to,” he said.

“If the country continues to grow by around 6% to 7% per year for the duration of the Duterte administration, then we should expect bank earnings to gain somewhere between 1 and 1.50 times GDP growth,” Mr. Cheng said.

“With interest rates much lower, bank’s trading gains will definitely be muted compared to where they were four to five years ago. It will really be a back to basics for banking. Making good loans… keeping within their respective bank’s risk appetite and generating a good balance of fee income,” he said.

Branch expansion “may be tapering off as banks and clients adapt better to technology and digital banking — non-branch banking — channels,” Mr. Cheng said, adding that this should give banks “some breathing space on operating expenses.”

“These actions if properly executed should allow banks to generate and rebuild net income levels to offset the generally lower trading gains environment,” he added.

A woman walks in front of a signboard of Japan’s Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corp in Tokyo in this photo taken in 2013. The bank was one of eight that secured approval to operate in the Philippines (AFP).

Entry of more foreign banks

And as success attracts rivals, the Philippine banking industry will be witness to more players from abroad, aided in no small way by the government’s move to liberalize foreign ownership, and by the envisioned ASEAN Banking Integration come 2020.

“An expanding economy is always positive for the banking system,” Mr. Tetangco said, adding that the country’s “strong macroeconomic fundamentals and good economic performance” is luring more foreign banks into the system.

“Given the positive prospects of continued growth and manageable inflation, the entry of foreign investments is expected to increase further, including investments in the banking sector which has actually been liberalized through the passage of RA [Republic Act] 10641 and also the passage of the law allowing higher foreign participation in rural banks,” Mr. Tetangco said.

The BSP has approved the entry of eight foreign banks since the passage of the Act Allowing the Full Entry of Foreign Banks in July 2014. The foreign lenders that got the BSP’s green light to operate in the Philippines are Japan’s Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corp., South Korea’s Industrial Bank of Korea and Shinhan Bank, Taiwan’s Cathay United Bank and Yuanta Commercial Bank Co. Ltd and the Singapore’s United Overseas Bank Ltd.

This year, Korea’s Woori Bank entered the local market by partnering with Gaisano-led Wealth Development Bank Corp., a thrift lender which targets to serve both Korean tourists and expats. In June, Taiwan’s First Commercial Bank also got the central bank’s approval to set up a branch in Manila.

“There are more applications that are being evaluated right now,” Mr. Tetangco said.

EastWest’s Mr. Moncupa said the outlook for the local banking industry in the next three to six years is “definitely bright,” notwithstanding greater competition.

“[M]ore intense competition… normally happens when the mood is upbeat. Everybody will try to get a piece of the action. While that puts some pressure on bank spreads, it will be good for households and businesses in terms of access to credit, better services, and more competitive pricing,” he said.

Mr. Moncupa said the lower spreads and intense competition would put pressure on mergers and acquisitions, which would create higher efficiencies and economies of scale.

“Overall, the industry will turn positive results although it could be tough for some banks.�� We expect to see more interest from foreign banks to get into the country. In general, in the next few years we see retail banking to continue to be the realm of local banks.�� Foreign banks will be mostly in corporate and wholesale banking. Foreign banks may try to get minority stakes in local banks,” he said.

Metrobank’s Mr. Bautista sees tighter competition playing out this way: “The big local banks will continue to leverage their national presence and create economies of scale while the smaller banks will focus on niche markets and consumer segments.”

“Although it looks like new entrants are more amenable to partnerships with local banks instead of going in solo… these foreign entrants will continue to seek partnerships with the mid-tier banks as they focus on niche markets and using technology solutions as a competitive tool,” he said.

Choice of next BSP chief

Lastly, any orderly adjustment by the banking industry to the new realities of broader competition and external volatility would require the steady hand of a central bank. Crucial to the financial sector, if not the entire economy’s mid-term prospects, is the appointment of a new BSP chief by next year when Mr. Tetangco steps down.

Nicholas Antonio T. Mapa, associate economist at Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI) said one of Mr. Duterte’s most crucial appointees will be his choice for BSP Governor in 2017.

“President [Benigno S.C.] Aquino [III] did well in re-appointing the ace Governor who has earned international acclaim for his astute stewardship of the country’s financial system,” Mr. Mapa said.

“No doubt [Mr.] Tetangco helped keep the economy afloat in rough waters and ensured smooth and safe sailing in the times that the winds were full in our sails. Duterte would need to find a worthy successor to the outgoing Tetangco,” Mr. Mapa said.

The Philippine financial system is “one of the most resilient in the region, if not the world” as it “adheres to stringent standards of risk management to ensure that the business of public trust remains whole and viable for all stakeholders involved,” he said.

One of Mr. Tetangco’s legacies to the Philippine banking system is the implementation of an interest rate corridor system, “which is precisely the framework that can stave off financial market volatility,” Mr. Mapa said.

“Given how quickly global markets can turn from tempest to tranquil and back, the BSP’s investment in such a system affords them the flexibility to deal with rapid changes in market sentiment and to calm the waters when they do get roiled,” he said.

“Their ability to better get hold of liquidity will go a long way to deterring financial stress from the eventual [United Kingdom’s] exit from the European Union, imminent, albeit delayed Fed rate hike cycle and possible renewed concerns about crude oil prices and China’s economy,” Mr. Mapa added.

—�Ĕ�Ĕ�Ĕ�Ĕ�Ĕ�Ĕ

Imee Charlee C. Delavin () covers private banks for . She loves to travel.

The Duterte- Dominguez Disconnect: Is another golden tide headed for the rocks?

��ý — Wed, 27 Jul 2016 08:01:19 +0000

By Raul V. Fabella UPSE and NAST

The eight-point program spelled out by Finance Secretary Carlos “Sonny” G. Dominguez III before the election was duly welcomed by, signaling as it did to the business community, a continuity with the preceding administration. It correctly identified the government capital outlay of 5% and beyond as required for its economic goal of rapid — if not more rapid — growth and poverty reduction. It also acknowledged tax reform and perhaps new taxes as necessary for this target. It recognized the inherent good economic sense in the conditional cash transfer (CCT) program: the decoupling of re-distribution from production. It acknowledged how poorly we have performed in the foreign investment front. Its overall thrust confirmed the conventional wisdom that the gains of its predecessor were real even if it fell short in inclusiveness and in the forcefulness of implementation. More than anywhere else, it is in forceful implementation where the Duterte administration can make a big difference.

Duterte gov’t has more room for boldness

In the June 20 conference call, the incoming economic cluster expanded the eight-point to a 10-point program, adding science and technology and reproductive health (RH) law implementation into the mix. Finance Secretary Carlos G. Dominguez III harped on the inclusion frailty of the Aquino watch and how reduced criminality should attract more investment. Economic Planning Secretary Ernesto M. Pernia reiterated the proximate goals of making the economy more investment- rather than consumption-led and a tilt towards manufacturing. Department of Budget and Management (DBM) Secretary Benjamin E. Diokno batted for an aggressive fiscal spending and revenue raising through reform of tax structure and incentives. Overall, the image is one of a leadership primed aspirationally to outdo the Aquino watch in inclusion and poverty reduction. As was repeatedly stressed by Dominguez himself, the Aquino watch has left the Duterte team much room for boldness not the least of which is the fiscal space. There are others beside.

When the Aquino legacy project — the Connector Road projects — are inaugurated in Duterte’s watch, the traffic snarl will ease up considerably with the 18-wheelers overflying rather than clogging Manila roads. Duterte is inheriting a public works department thoroughly transformed by a modern-day hero, Rogelio “Babes” L. Singson, whose legacy is template for government reform. The PPP program, slowed initially by teething problems, is now over the customary J-curve hump; there is ample resources for health and universal insurance, thanks to the sin tax law. The credit ratings have improved. The sky is clearing for an investment takeoff.

Yet another legacy worth building on: among all the past presidents since the 1970s, only Aquino’s has managed to grow manufacturing faster than services. Figure 1 on the right��gives the comparative growth rates.

To put this in proper perspective, Figures 2 and 3 gives the average annual growth rate (AAGR) of Services and Manufacturing for the four decades from 1973 to 2014 for three countries, Philippines, Thailand and South Korea.

What comes out so clearly is that in countries that left the Philippines to eat their dust, manufacturing growth outstripped services by a mile; the opposite is true of the Philippines. The Philippines growth trajectory is what we call development progeria (the premature advance and dominance of the service sector in a low income country) that produces slow economic growth and low investment rate. There is ample evidence (see, e.g., Daway and Fabella, 2015) that manufacturing share correlates positively and strongly with investment rate while services share is the opposite. The Aquino watch has bucked long-term development progeria though six years is hardly enough to erase all the blights. But it is a start. That manufacturing grew faster than services is due to the increments, if still modest, in foreign investment hosted by Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) under the dynamic Lilia de Lima. That it was by just a meter rather by a mile is due to certain sectors of the economy, namely agriculture, industrial farming, and mining, being effectively closed to legitimate private capital. The horizon before Duterte is a golden “…tide which taken at a flood leads on to fortune…” (Brutus in Julius Caesar).

But the Philippines has a storied tradition of turning golden opportunities into stinking muck.

How not to turn off investors

Duterte’s seeming iron fist idol, Ferdinand E. Marcos, was a prime example of an opportunity-buster-decree-making and massive foreign borrowing connived to support immense waste and immenser plunder! The precious opportunity in the Japanese foreign investment tsunami after the Plaza Accord in 1987 expired before reaching our shores poisoned, among others, by Honasan and his clique’s persistent threat of a coup. To conclude Brutus’ line “…omitted, all the voyage of their life is bound in the shallows and in miseries.” Are we in for another let down?

What should give us pause this time is that, judging from Duterte’s pronouncements, the 10-point program may just be a Dominguez-Economic Cluster (DEC) credo rather than a Duterte credo. Actions speak louder than words and Duterte seems to marginalize DEC.

Instead of building coalitions and rallying the nation behind the already challenging program, he issued vitriols and threats to factions and interests (e.g., the Catholic church, the press, the Commission on Human Rights, the other two independent branches of government) which did not show enthusiasm for his understanding of the rule of law. The subtext is unmistakable: I will do to you what I did to Davao City dissenters: Pusila! More worrying, Duterte embraced the Joma Sison and his Maoist clique as prodigal sons by putting three cabinet departments under their sway prior to a complete disarmament of the New People’s Army (NPA). We know the realpolitik here: “Armed divisions take the cake in negotiations.” It sounds like Hitler because it should — it was the gist of the Fuhrer’s scornful put-down of the Bishop of Rome.

The hope is that this embrace will turn lifelong Maoists into docile democrats and allies. My heart hopes with Duterte, but my mind says that Hitler suckered British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain into false peace in Munich in 1938.

This tosses a monkey wrench into the Dominguez-Economic Cluster (DEC) program. The DEC program rests in the end on an exuberant investor response. How exuberant investing will fly in an airspace bristling with signals foul weather is a puzzle: “nationalization,” “expropriation” and “blood sucking foreign investors” now broadcast not from street corners but from Cabinet offices will ground even hardened pilots. With social welfare, labor, and agrarian reform portfolios in their clutches, investor appetite for the Philippines, already so fragile because of a multitude of known reasons like high power cost and relatively high wages, is so easily sapped. Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam are running slick investment come-ons of utter investor friendliness. These countries, mind you, have themselves either completely physically routed the Maoists (Indonesia and Thailand) or completely repudiated the Maoist ideal (Vietnam) and have left us eating their dust. Duterte’s embrace of time warp relics is helps their already strong case in the cut-throat competition for foreign investment.

With the Department of Labor and Employment (DoLE) under the sway of the National Democratic Front (NDF) and inciting rather than mediating labor disputes; with the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) foisting Maoist expropriation and further fragmentation of farmlands (how ironic since the People’s Republic of China, the birthplace of Maoism has initiated consolidation to improve farm productivity (Fabella, 2015), investors will find comfort elsewhere. The signals are there. The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) secretary-designate stated in an ANC interview that “privatization is profit” with the undertone being the market should be hemmed in because profit is anti-people. Joma Sison has branded Loretta Ann “Etta” P. Rosales, human rights defender par excellence, who dared question the Communist Party of the Philippines’ (CPP) support for Duterte’s decision to bury plunder-king, Marcos pere, in Libingan ng mga Bayani, a “consistent traitor to the revolutionary movement” [To read Filomeno S. Sta. Ana’s June 13, 2016 piece entitled “Jose Maria Sison’s malicious words,” visit this link.]

Feeding frenzy might fritter away fiscal space

And what is the ultimate goal of Joma’s revolutionary movement? The complete enthronement of the Maoist state in the Philippines. Yes, and shall we forget the summary executions ordered by Joma Sison of numerous suspected rejectionists in the underground upheaval of the 1980s? For the Maoists, the tango with Duterte is only a welcome and badly needed respite on the road to total subjugation. Now is the time to advance, not water down, the Maoist vision what with their Trojan horses within the ramparts of the coveted prize.

Putting wolves in charge of the chicken coop compounds the already formidable challenges facing the DEC program. Duterte’s pronouncements have fanned a “feeding frenzy”: higher entitlements, higher wages, higher pensions — in other words, “Eat, drink and be merry.” The excuse: Fiscal Space. Fiscal space was built up on the supply side from the twenty-year slog of government disengagement from direct provision (e.g., abolition of Oil Price Stabilisation Fund (OPSF), the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) privatization, privatization of power assets, etc.) that plugged enormous traditional fiscal drains; the increase in the Value Added Tax (VAT); the adjustment of sin taxes; the end of Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) and Disbursement Acceleration Program (DAP); the use of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) and (Overseas Filipino Workers) remittance. Government investment compression (2% of GDP throughout the period) pushed the build-up from the demand side. The nation paid dearly for government investment compression: bad infrastructure. Rebalancing means re-training the fiscal space towards infrastructure. While the 10-point program has got this right, the fiscal space could close quickly.

The minefields are there for all to see. The Salary Standardization Law of 2015 approved by Aquino will spend P226-billion for the salary increase and mid-year 14th month pay of government employees from 2016 to 2019. The electric cooperatives un-reformed will have to be bailed out again soon to the tune of perhaps P20 billion. The badly-designed military pension fund (pensions rise pari passu with regular salaries) will run out in Duterte’s watch and it will be a substantial hit on the budget. And so on. “Eat, drink and be merry”; never mind that the next line goes “…for tomorrow we die!”

The imperative now is to obligate the remaining fiscal space towards a Government Capital Outlay of 6-7% of GDP before it gets frittered away in an orgy of entitlements. Talking of arterial highways, for example, the creaky and fragmented national power transmission grid needs upgrade and completion. For the latter, Negros Island should be connected to Mindanao to finally realize the Pan-Philippine power highway. Both projects will involve sizeable investments, but all Filipinos — not just Mindanaoans — will benefit from more stable and lower cost power.

Maoists threaten to throw a monkey wrench

So, the DEC program seems to promise continuity with and to build on the gains of the predecessor president. But Duterte’s actions show a sneaky disconnect. His embrace of Maoist buddies threatens to throw a monkey wrench to increased investment. His is choice for Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Chair is a complete sell-out. From the internet buzz, the said choice seems more at home in a circus or a shrink sofa than in CHED. Pol Pot showed his contempt for the educated by marching them into the Killing Fields”; Duterte seems to show his contempt for science and technology (Point # 9 in the DEC program) by threatening to turn CHED over to Ringling Brothers. His choice of Environment secretary-designate of the “no such thing as responsible mining” fame means mining continues to be open only to unregulated informal miners. Keeping fertile avenues of investment closed will hamstring an investment-led growth. Lest we forget, the shady midnight cabinet of President Estrada blindsided his decent economic team!

It is said that poverty is more in the mind than in the pocket. Most income-challenged nations are poor not because of scarcity of resources but because of inability to seize the opportunities in fleeting instances of plenty. Existence for most poor people and nations is, after all, never one long featureless march of abject indigence. It is a punctuated equilibrium of starts and stops. We now have a nice start in comfortable fiscal space and institutional gains by the Aquino watch. If poverty is in the mind, the gains and fiscal space will quickly close and the green shoots will wither away in the Gobi Desert. If poverty is in only in the pocket but not in the mind, the fiscal space will nurture the green shoots into a lush garden of arterial infrastructure that sustain the future. Would that the latter and not the former adorn the Duterte years!

References:

Daway, Sarah Lynne S. and Raul V. Fabella, 2015, “Development Progeria: The Role of Institutions and the Exchange Rate,” Philippine Review of Economics, vol. 52, no. 2.

Fabella, Raul, 2015, “,” ��ý, Introspective column, December 15, 2014.

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Raul V. Fabella is a Professor of Economics (ret) at the UP School of Economics where he still teaches advanced microeconomics. He is an active member of the NAST. When he has something to say (not often) he writes pieces for . He gets his endorphin fix from the guitar, for which his love is unrequited, from tennis with wife Teena and from working the pedals of a bike.

��ý Senior Researchers Kia B. Obang ( on Twitter) and Leo Jaymar G. Uy ( on Twitter), and Researcher Christine Joyce S. Castañeda ( on Twitter) assisted in providing data. Margarita Samantha Gonzales ( on Twitter) designed charts and tables.

New weather insurance aids farmers

��ý — Wed, 27 Jul 2016 07:55:40 +0000

FARMERS work in a rice field near the International Rice Research Institute in Laguna. While some of them enjoy crop insurance coverage, a few others pay premiums for weather index insurance, which allows them to receive payouts, if rainfall is too much or too little. (Photo: AFP)

By Francis Anthony T. Valentin,��Special Features Writer

Filipino farmers are mostly old, have little or no education, live a hand-to-mouth existence, but continue to toil, if only to help feed millions.

To add to their problems, they also disproportionately bear the brunt of natural calamities.

Climate change, which gives rise to more frequent and punishing weather events, threatens to aggravate their already deplorable conditions.

To protect their harvest, farmers can – and have – availed themselves of crop insurance offered by the Philippine Crop Insurance Corp. (PCIC), an attached agency of the Department of Agriculture (DA). Crop insurance remains the agriculture sector’s predominant safeguard against losses caused by natural disasters, pests and plant diseases.

But that’s not all farmers can count on.

A relatively new type of insurance is slowly gaining ground as a safety net for farmers increasingly becoming vulnerable to the harsh effects of climate change. It is known as weather index insurance or sometimes as weather index-based insurance. Countries like India and a number of other developing nations have already embraced it.

Under a traditional crop insurance, the insurer pays an indemnity based on the losses experienced by the insured. Under a weather index insurance, the mechanics of payment are different. The insurer pays an indemnity if the realization of a weather index — a measurement of a weather variable (for example, rainfall or temperature or wind speed) that has high correlation with crop losses — surpasses or fails to meet a predetermined threshold. In other words, if there is too much rainfall or too little of it, for instance, the insured can expect to receive a payout.

Rapid payouts for weather index insurance

Weather index insurance offers compelling benefits for insurers. It minimizes adverse selection, which occurs when the insured person hides information that may be critical to his risk exposure from the insurer, and moral hazard, which takes place when the insured turns negligent knowing that he has protection. Upright farmers benefit from this in that their erring fellows can less likely undermine an insurer’s ability to pay.

The insurance does away with on-farm loss adjustment, which involves sending out an insurance adjuster to check and verify the damages and provide estimate of how much money is due the insured.

The latter arrangement paves the way for perhaps the most crucial benefit that a farmer can derive from weather index insurance — rapid payout.

“The great advantage of having a faster payout is that the farmers can recover immediately,” said Israel dela Cruz, national project coordinator for “Weather Index-Based Insurance for Mindanao Project (WIBI Mindanao),” a collaborative initiative of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Global Environment Facility, PCIC, and DA. Farmers covered by traditional crop insurance have to put up with an on-field loss adjustment that consumes too much time and money, and may involve inaccuracies.

Weather index insurance, which generally provides protection against a single weather peril, is not intended to supersede existing insurance products. It can be bundled with traditional crop insurance and/or other index insurance types, such as area-yield index and satellite index, which work in fundamentally the same manner.

Weaknesses of weather index insurance

But weather index insurance is not flawless. Its main weakness is basis risk, “the difference between the loss experienced by the farmer and the payout triggered,” International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and World Food Programme (WFP) said in their 2011 publication titled “Weather Index-based Insurance in Agricultural Development: A Technical Guide.” A farmer may have suffered a yield loss, but may not receive a payout, or a farmer may not have experienced any loss whatsoever and yet may still collect a payout.

“Basis risk cannot be eliminated,” said Antonis Malagardis, program director of Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) in the Philippines, a German development agency. IFAD and WFP said an index insurance works best in an area where the losses are homogeneous and highly correlated with indexed peril.

Central to the viability of weather index insurance is the availability of significant historical weather data. IFAD and WFP said it is recommendable to have at least 20 years of historical daily data. “We cannot create an index with reference to stations of PAGASA without significant historical data because that is very crucial in terms of computation of index,” Mr. dela Cruz said, referring to Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration, a government agency that monitors and collects meteorological data.

“The government will need to share this data with the insurers in order for them to develop appropriate products,” Mr. Malagardis said.

Another important concern besides the data’s availability is the reliability of the equipment of PAGASA. “Because we rely on instruments, the instrumentations of PAGASA should be calibrated according to the standards of World Meteorological Organization,” Mr. dela Cruz said, referring to a United Nations organization.

One size doesn’t fit all

Developing a weather index insurance product that largely impoverished farmers can afford can be costly, Mr. dela Cruz pointed out, given the need for weather stations and the actuarial scientists who do the indexing. It can also be difficult. For one, there is no one-size-fits-all trigger level. In a paper released in 2011 titled “Weather Index Insurance for Agriculture: Guidance for Development Practitioners,” World Bank defined trigger level as “the attachment level (or strike) at which the weather protection begins and financial compensation is received.”

“There is really no fixed level or a uniform trigger which you can use for the whole country,” said Roger de Pedro, country director of MicroEnsure Philippines, a pioneer in offering index insurance products in the country. “Product design for weather index insurance is usually location- and season-specific.” He added that the trigger may also change per season in the same location.

“If the triggers are too high, they are hard to reach, then nobody will buy your product,” said Jimmy Loro, senior advisor at GIZ.

For her part, Charmion Grace Reyes-Feliciano, program associate at UNDP, said: “Before you can actually market an index-based insurance to as many clients as possible, you really need to have a good methodology so that you reduce the risks on the part of the insurer as well as the risks on the part of the policyholder.”

How weather index insurance firms cut risks

There are several entities offering weather index insurance in the country today. One is the aforementioned MicroEnsure, which is headquartered in Iloilo City. Mr. de Pedro said they are capable of designing a product for a specific crop based on rainfall or wind speed or the combination of the two. The firm charges a premium of around 8% to 12% of the total sum insured, “the total cost of production per crop season,” Mr. de Pedro said. Another is the Cagayan de Oro City-based Coop Life Insurance and Mutual Benefit Services or CLIMBS. It offers a national catastrophe insurance to cooperatives operating in certain municipalities.

The premium is collected before the cropping season commences. To keep the premium to a minimum, Mr. de Pedro cited the need for a diversified portfolio and a large volume of the insured. Meanwhile, Mr. Malagardis said the factor of extreme weather events should be quantified and included in the premium for a weather index insurance.

And in order to reduce the risks that insurers shoulder, Mr. Malagardis recommended engaging with global reinsurers. “Having a global reinsurer is important. We know that reinsurers can easily diversify the risks in international markets.”

Insurance literacy among farmers remains a challenge

The government has an invaluable role to play for the weather index insurance or its kin, for that matter, to catch on with the private sector and farmers.

And it has reassuringly made steady strides.

In October of last year, the Insurance Commission released the Agriculture Microinsurance Framework (MicroAgri Framework), which formally introduced index-based or parametric microinsurance, provided a clear-cut policy on agriculture insurance to encourage private firms to build their own products, and delineated the responsibilities of concerned government establishments, among others. Mr. Malagardis described the framework as “a good step forward.”

PCIC has conducted several pilot programs for weather index insurance.

The one it is co-implementing, the WIBI Mindanao Project, which is also known as “Scaling-up Risk Transfer Mechanisms for Climate Vulnerable Agriculture-based Communities in Mindanao,” began in 2014 and is expected to complete its run in 2017.

As of 2015, a total of 837 farmers out of 2,000 target beneficiaries in Regions 10 and 11 received a weather index insurance package, and a cumulative payout of P904,000 was distributed.

Mr. dela Cruz said what they found difficult to address at the start of the project was the lack of an ingrained insurance culture among farmers. Some factors may account for it, including how insurers regard farmers. “The problem is insurance companies don’t see us as bankable,” said Jonjon Sarmiento, sustainable agriculture manager at Pambansang Kilusan ng mga Samahang Magsasaka (PAKISAMA), a nonprofit organization that aims to empower farmers, fisherfolk, indigenous peoples and women.

Mr. Sarmiento, who is a farmer himself, also brought up what he termed “cultural resistance” among farmers that he attributed to not having sufficient understanding of the importance of insurance and how it works.

“It’s quite challenging to formulate how to explain insurance which is an intangible good,” Mr. Loro said.

There is also a language barrier to overcome. Mr. dela Cruz said there are farmers in their project who cannot comprehend English or Tagalog, prompting them to hire a translator who renders into the farmers’ native tongues the mechanics of weather index insurance.

Insurance literacy of the farmers is thus one area that the government, private insurers and even non-government organizations can jointly work on.

Despite the various stumbling blocks, Mr. dela Cruz is confident about the long-term viability of weather index insurance in the Philippines.

��“This is a climate change adaptation tool. That’s why we are doing our best so that the Department of Agriculture and PCIC will adopt it because it will help them and ultimately the farmers to cope up with climate change,” Mr. dela Cruz said.

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Francis Anthony T. Valentin joined ��ý as a special features writer in 2014. ��ý Researcher Jochebed B. Gonzales (@jochebedgon on Twitter) helped provide data to the infographic, which was designed by Margarita Samantha Gonzales (@famamfa).

Senior executives reiterate push for simpler tax systems, red tape reduction

��ý — Tue, 26 Jul 2016 09:10:36 +0000

By Erika Denise L. Dizon, Special Features Writer

A shift of power was in order following the Philippines’ May 2016 national elections, where former Davao Mayor Rodrigo R. Duterte and ex-solon Maria Leonor “Leni” G. Robredo emerged winners of the presidential and vice-presidential race, respectively.

The recently concluded ��ý Economic Forum last July 12, 2016 gathered leaders from various industries to address subjects concerning the economic landscape under the new administration. The whole-day event went by the theme, “Chartering Progress to 2020,” and focused on issues like regulation, disruption, regional integration, and capacity.

Tax reform a key priority

The forum’s first session came to grips with the topic of “Succession and Transition,” revolving around the question: How should companies navigate the economic terrain under the new government? Moderating the discussion was ��ý editor Timothy Roy C. Medina, who was also joined by five panelists standing for different sectors including government.

One key priority of the Duterte government is to map out a tax reform plan that would benefit Filipinos from all classes, a subject that was tackled by Rustan’s Commercial Corp. President Bienvenido “Donnie” V. Tantoco III and Insular Life Chief Executive Officer Nina D. Aguas .

Representing the retail market, Mr. Tantoco believes most industries would want a simple tax system that encourages more corporations to participate. “Where we are right now is the tax rates are relatively high,” he said. Despite that, he thinks it has helped the previous administration create a better system of generating income.

Ms. Aguas, on the other hand, talked about Singapore’s efficient tax design, which the Philippines could garner lessons from. She praised it for its ease of compliance, reasonable tax rates, and pre-auditing measures to prevent room for corruption.

Getting things done faster

Touching more on the transition aspect, National Economic Development Authority chief and University of the Philippines School of Economics professor Ernesto M. Pernia asserted that the Duterte administration plans to “get things done faster” amid this period of change.

He added that the current government plans to continue the “good” macroeconomic policies of the previous cabinet and make a “big push” towards regional and rural development. Mr. Pernia also said they want to ensure that economic growth is distributed across income classes and regions.

Although gross domestic product (GDP) growth was one of the proud achievements of the past administration, he repeatedly noted that the current government wants to attain inclusive growth and give equal chances to everyone. Mr. Pernia projects GDP to boost between a range of 7% and 8% in 2017.

Aside from that, the government aims to reduce the country’s poverty incidence from 25% to 17% by the end of its administration.

Alaska Milk Corp. President and CEO Wilfred Steven Uytengsu, Jr., who spoke for the food and beverage industry, talked about the administration’s plan of bringing down food prices and how it would affect food companies and its stakeholders.

He said that the industry looks forward to seeing red tape slashed and believes that eradicating smuggling will keep a level-playing field for the private sector.

Infrastructure

On Manila’s port congestion scenario, Mr. Uytengsu said that even though it has improved significantly, there is always more room for development. When a suggestion of creating better highways came up, he said: “Continuing to invest in infrastructure is not an option; we really need it today and for the future.”

Megaworld Corp. Commercial Division First Vice-President Kevin L. Tan then answered the question of how private real estate companies could help the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council, headed by Vice-President Maria Leonor “Leni” G. Robredo, attain its goals.

Mr. Tan said that making government processes efficient can speed up the course of construction, which would eventually enable the private and public sector address issues on housing collectively.

Forum delegates were given a chance to ask panelists questions soon after the session ended. Highlights of the Q&A portion comprise of queries on overpopulation and a general economic development plan for the archipelago.

Erika Denise L. Dizon (@erikadzn on Twitter) finished BA Journalism from the University of Santo Tomas.

Tough love for mining increases ore costs but hike seen temporary

��ý — Tue, 26 Jul 2016 08:05:31 +0000

By Janina C. Lim, Reporter

Ore prices are getting a boost from an unlikely source, but analysts see this upswing as temporary.

President Rodrigo R. Duterte has been talking tough on mining, capping that with last month’s appointment as Environment and Natural Resources secretary of a known industry opponent, self-styled environmentalist Regina Paz “Gina” L. Lopez of the Lopez Group, which has investments in one of the country’s biggest media companies as well as in the largest geothermal energy producer.

“The much-anticipated climb in global nickel prices finally happened last week [July 4 to July 8], with help from no less than President Duterte himself,” Luis A. Limlingan, managing director at the Regina Capital Development Corp. (RCDC), said in an e-mail to ��ý.

“International sentiments converged on the idea that Duterte could impose an Indonesia-style raw ore ban, on an anti-mining platform, and disastrously disrupt Chinese supply chain,” Mr. Limlingan said.

In January 2014, Indonesia, which accounts for approximately 15% of global ore supply, imposed a ban on ore exports. Top nickel importer, China, has since turned to the Philippines, whose capacity to export nickel however is lower than Indonesia’s.

Before its ban took effect, Indonesia produced 72,000 metric tons a month of nickel ore and concentrates, nearly threefold that of the Philippines’ 27,700 in 2013.

“Another factor pushing nickel prices are expectations of lower nickel pig-iron exports from the country,” Mr. Limlingan said, adding that Chinese imports of local ore fell 27% in the last five months.

Gina Lopez appointment a trigger

Philippine ore producers had warned that output would be cut down this year due to low prices.

Koichi Ishihara, vice-president for marketing and procurement at the country’s top producer, Nickel Asia Corp. (NAC), expects global supply to turn into a deficit starting June.

“As forecasted, tight supply was well confirmed among nickel players in early Q2 (second quarter) but nickel price didn’t react so much,” Mr. Ishihara said in a mobile message.

The appointment of “Gina Lopez just gave a trigger to the [nickel] price increase,” Mr. Ishihara said.

Tight nickel supply is expected to persist until next year, but the world’s inventory “is too huge so [nickel] price increase will be capped at [a] certain level,” he said.

NAC has forecast nickel prices at approximately $11,000 per ton, or no more than $12,000 towards the end of the year.

Supply deficit, weak dollar

Ralph Christian G. Bodollo, equity research analyst at RCBC Securities, Inc., cited Australia’s BHP Billiton, the world’s largest miner, which is projecting a rebound in nickel ore prices through the second half of this year.

The rebound is seen due to an expected supply deficit. A price slump since last year compelled nickel producers to cut output, but demand is seen to persist. BHP Billiton forecasts a recovery of as much as 15% from the May level to $9,926 per ton by year-end.

“In my own view, the weak (US) dollar, which may still go down further in the year due to the gloomier probability of Fed rate increases, would also contribute to nickel ore price recovery this year or early next year,” Mr. Bodollo said.

The US Federal Reserve in its last policy meeting dropped hints it would go slow in raising interest rates, pressuring the greenback.

“This may cause an uptrend in nickel ore prices and once that uptrend appears, the whole industry will accelerate the inventory buildup, thereby stimulating demand further, again in my view,” Mr. Bodollo said.

RCDC’s Mr. Limlingan cited historical data, which shows nickel has the greatest upside potential when the overall commodities market is in bullish mode.

“RCDC would like to point out that 2016 might not be as optimistic as think tanks wanted it to be, coming into the seventh month without as much as a fundamental lead on nickel’s comeback,” he said.

“Although nickel’s fundamentals do not appear completely bullish, metals are getting [a] push from investors jumping into the industrial metal complex,” he added.

Regulatory risk

Another key risk on the domestic front is a hostile regulator.

Last June 21, Ms. Lopez accepted the President’s offer to head the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. On that day, the mining and oil sub-index of the Philippine Stock Exchange lost 4.09%.

Ms. Lopez’s first directive left no doubt as to her position: audit all mining operations to check their compliance with environmental standards and freeze applications for new projects.

She also ordered the suspension of two nickel miners in Zambales, citing the Writ of Kalikasan issued by the Supreme Court and a halt to all mining operations ordered by the newly installed provincial governor.

This reduced by half the number of operating nickel miners in the country.

“[Mining] companies are always at the mercy of commodity prices which they cannot control. Equally important or if not more important, the regulatory risk in the mining sector is high that even if you have favorable metal prices, a hateful government regime can bring mining companies to their knees,” RCBC Securities’ Mr. Bodollo said.

“The case of Gina Lopez’s appointment as DENR Secretary was a case [in] point,” he said.

JANINA C. LIM (@YnaCarlosLim on Twitter) covers the agriculture and environment beats for ��ý.

How to profit from Metro Manila’s urban congestion

��ý — Tue, 26 Jul 2016 05:22:07 +0000

By Bienvenido S. Oplas, Jr.

Worsening traffic congestion in Metro Manila and other big cities in the Philippines has led people to believe that this will negatively affect people’s health, temper, and eventually, the economy. Thus, the solution is to decongest heavily urbanized cities and spread out development and modernization to the peripheral cities and provinces.

This subject was partly tackled during the first ��ý Economic Forum last July 12, 2016 during the panel discussion about succession and transition. Among the speakers were Ernesto M. Pernia, Socioeconomic Planning secretary; Kevin L. Tan, senior vice-president & head of Megaworld Lifestyle Malls, Megaworld Corporation; Bienvenido V. Tantoco III, president of Rustans Commercial Corporation; Nina D. Aguas, CEO of Insular Life; and Wilfred Steven Uytengsu, Jr., president and CEO of Alaska Milk Corporation.

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Although the focus of the discussion was about how companies prepared for smooth corporate succession, the speakers also provided a wider perspective and tackled some national issues and transition. All agreed that Metro Manila is very congested and that developments should be driven to less urban and rural areas. Mr. Tan in particular highlighted that many real estate developers are going out of Metro Manila because there are more developments in several provinces and big cities, more BPOs, other businesses.

If we look around the world, each country has one or more political and/or financial capital and these places experience congestion where the demand for certain services outpaces the supply. This happens because congestion is natural and part of human nature’s demand for socialization and interaction. It is faster and easier if the office, the kids’ school, the bank, grocery store, car repair shop, etc. are just a few kilometers away instead of dozens or hundreds of kilometers.

Let us check the degree of congestion of the Philippines compared to other ASEAN nations, and from two small, highly congested neighbors. A 50-year gap, 1964 to 2014, table is constructed. The per capita income in purchasing power parity (PPP) valuation over a 30-years gap is also shown.

What the above table shows are the following:

1. Highly-congested Singapore, Macau, and Hong Kong also have very high per capita income. There are many explanations for this and the efficiency gains of having almost everything nearby is definitely one of them. Brunei is a different case, small population but relatively big land area rich with energy resources for export, like natural gas.

2. Less-congested Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos also have low per capita income of only $5,100 or less. Again, there are many reasons for this and the inefficiencies and inconvenience of being far from various economic units like big banks, big grocery stores, etc. should be one of those reasons.

3. The Philippines is second most congested country in the ASEAN after Singapore. Its population has more than tripled over the past 50 years.

Let us check the numbers for Metro Manila. From 636 square kilometers originally, the megacity now has a land area of 644 square kilometers (owing to reclaimed areas at the CCP-SM MOA) and a population of 12.877 million, as of the August 2015 census. Based on these numbers, its population density is 19,995 persons/sq. kms., comparable to that of Macau.

But one report says World Bank data shows that Metro Manila has a 1,300 square-kilometer land area as of 2010. Or a population density of 9,906 people per sq. km. in 2015, still higher than those in Singapore and Hong Kong.

So if congestion is natural for people, how can we optimize and benefit from the presence of many people per square kilometer of land?

1. More land reclamation. The 800 or so hectares in the CCP-SM MOA-Entertainment City have created lots of businesses and jobs for Filipinos. The planned additional reclamation projects in Manila Bay should proceed, and at a fast rate.

Aside from creating new lands in the sea, there is also a need to remove huge volume of silt, mud, and solid wastes in river beds of the Pasig, Las Piñas, and Marilao rivers that drain into Manila Bay. These smelly solid wastes cannot be brought to dumpsites where most LGUs declare a “not in my backyard” (NIMBY) policy.

2. More skyways, elevated interchanges and U-turns, tunnels. Traffic congestion is an engineering problem with engineering solutions. Such solutions should veer away from hiring more traffic officers and officials, avoid having more stoplights. Instead, officials should build more hard infrastructure that can provide service to the public and motorists 24/7 for decades to come.

3. More trains, LRT/MRT, running along C5 and C6, above ground and underground, extending north and sound, east and west, of Metro Manila. In Tokyo, Seoul, and Singapore, it is common to see multi-level train stations and shops underground. Public Private Partnership (PPP) schemes are already existing to encourage more private funding and construction of these projects.

4. More low-cost medium- and high-rise residential condos. This immediately frees up space for more urban forestry and public parks, unlike in horizontal low-cost housing. Multiple regulations and taxation by both national and local governments should also decline. These are costs that are ultimately passed on to condo unit buyers and renters, that make vertical housing less affordable to the poor and lower middle class.

People and businesses respond to incentives and disincentives. If there are many disincentives and inconvenience in taking (often multi-ride) public transportation, then more people will drive their cars or motorcycles, which contribute to heavy traffic congestion. Government taxation and regulations that distort the market for urban transportation, housing, and other services should be reduced.

Bienvenido S. Oplas, Jr. (@noysky on Twitter) is a Fellow of SEANET and President of Minimal Government Thinkers. minimalgovernment@gmail.com

Gov’t, businesses set sights outside Metro Manila for inclusive growth

��ý — Mon, 25 Jul 2016 05:37:54 +0000

By Krista Angela M. Montealegre, National Correspondent

This sentiment was also expressed by Socioeconomic Planning Secretary Ernesto M. Pernia during the ��ý Economic Forum on July 12 at the Shangri-La at The Fort in Taguig City.

The next big thing: Mindanao

The “big story” within the next six years will be Mindanao, which is envisioned to become the country’s “major food basket,” Mr. Dominguez said.

Decades of under-investment, corruption, and violence have plagued the major southernmost island in the Philippines, leaving most parts of it impoverished.

First Pacific Co. Ltd. Managing Director Manuel V. Pangilinan said the gaping deficits in the economy such as infrastructure present investment opportunities for local and foreign companies.

Decongesting Metro Manila

“We believe this is solvable with the help of the private sector,” Mr. Francia said.

“We believe in the vision of the President…The key to decongest Metro Manila is to drive development to rural areas,” Mr. Tan said.

Globe Telecom, Inc. President Ernest L. Cu said the government must help the private sector build the infrastructure in the marginalized areas to make it viable for businesses to operate there.

Mr. Cu recommended the construction of a fiber optic network in areas such as the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) that telecommunication companies can rent from the government.

“If government builds roads, they should also be building the information highway. It’s as vital as farm to market roads,” Mr. Cu said.

Even the President’s dream project — a major railway in Mindanao that will be linked to Luzon — may face some issues if he decides to undertake it through a PPP.

“It’s going to be missionary in nature. Rail, in itself, is already non-economic on a standalone basis for a private sector investment let alone in Mindanao,” Mr. Francia said.

Red tape, high taxes, and foreign ownership

“Those are the things we need to address because once markets open up, consumers, revenues and investments flow to where it is most efficient,” she added.

Vice-President Maria Leonor “Leni” G. Robredo said companies must embrace “business unusual” where shared value — not profit — is the driver of growth.

“We need growth for all, not just for a select few. Progress that benefits only the elite is no progress at all,” she said.

Krista Angela M. Montealegre (@_kmontealegre on Twitter) has been writing about the corporate scene for nearly a decade, the last year or so for ��ý.

Philippine banks to expand despite challenges

��ý — Mon, 25 Jul 2016 05:36:40 +0000

By Imee Charlee C. Delavin, Reporter

Add to the mix China, which has slowed down in recent years, pulling along with it some emerging economies in Asia that rode on the export boom of the world’s second largest economy.

“Added stimulus would mean that interest rates may remain low, but very volatile, in the next few years,” Mr. Dumalagan said.

Local lenders remain well-capitalized

Big banks remained profitable in 2015, posting a combined net income of P120.275 billion.

Positive economic outlook

Last year, GDP grew by 5.8% on the back of robust domestic demand and private investments, albeit missing a 7-8% target for 2015.

Boost infrastructure spending

Back to basics

Patrick D. Cheng, first vice-president at China Banking Corp., said banks “should do reasonably well” during the next few years.

The government’s PPP projects will boost the expansion of banks as “more conglomerates team up and share the risks and rewards” of such projects, giving local lenders “more capital market deals to attend to,” he said.

“These actions if properly executed should allow banks to generate and rebuild net income levels to offset the generally lower trading gains environment,” he added.

Entry of more foreign banks

“There are more applications that are being evaluated right now,” Mr. Tetangco said.

EastWest’s Mr. Moncupa said the outlook for the local banking industry in the next three to six years is “definitely bright,” notwithstanding greater competition.

Mr. Moncupa said the lower spreads and intense competition would put pressure on mergers and acquisitions, which would create higher efficiencies and economies of scale.

Choice of next BSP chief

Nicholas Antonio T. Mapa, associate economist at Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI) said one of Mr. Duterte’s most crucial appointees will be his choice for BSP Governor in 2017.

Imee Charlee C. Delavin (@charleedelavin on Twitter) covers private banks for ��ý. She loves to travel.

Govt’s countryside focus brings optimism for rural lenders

��ý — Mon, 25 Jul 2016 05:35:33 +0000

The Duterte administration’s push to develop agriculture and areas outside Metro Manila has cast a ray of hope on smaller lenders wanting to regain their footing, if not expand.

Even while campaigning for the Presidency, then Davao City Mayor Rodrigo R. Duterte has capitalized on the disparity in economic development between what he called “Imperial Manila” and the rest of the country, especially the rural areas.

Rural banks have mirrored the countryside’s neglect, with a growing number of the industry’s members driven to bankruptcy. This forced the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and the Philippine Deposit Insurance Corp. (PDIC) to launch a rescue package that includes tax and other incentives for third-party investors willing to avert closures, if not revive forlorn rural lenders.

Despite two extensions of the program, rural banks continue to fall by the wayside, erasing the little amount depositors had earned on their accounts, if not their trust in banks altogether.

Rural Bankers Association of the Philippines (RBAP) President Antonio O. Pasia said rural banks are hoping to participate in the financial inclusion thrust of the new government.

“We’re hopeful, we definitely would like to participate in the programs of the new administration, we would be offering the rural banks to take part in the countryside development,” said Mr. Pasia, who is also president of Batangas-based Malarayat Rural Bank Inc..

“We think the new administration is more receptive towards the needs of the farmers and fisherfolks that’s why we’re offering the services of the rural banks in those areas,” he said.

Rural banks are front liners in countryside development and in financing the needs of farmers, fisher folks and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs).

These lenders serve as the platform for bigger banks to fulfill their required 25% credit quota to the farming sector, as mandated by the Agri-Agra Reform Credit Act of 2009.

The small lenders could also serve as the platform for small and medium-scale enterprises to secure funding for their business expansions through microfinance.

With stiffer competition in the banking space, rural banks would like to strengthen [their] position in [their] own areas and “hopefully compete in the delivery of credit to the countryside” by merging to build stronger lenders, upgrading technology and forging partnerships, Mr. Pasia said.

“Eventually, there will be lesser number of rural banks because of consolidations and mergers but stronger players. I think for those that will stay on, there future will be better,” he said.

The World Bank and the Asian Development Bank have said in previous reports that poverty can be addressed by improving the agriculture sector. Business leaders have also included in their recommendations to the administration the delivery of support services like financing, technology, and logistics to farmers and the adoption of value-chain development for rural-based enterprises.

In line with the new government’s thrust to develop the countryside, business leaders also recommended the development of regional industries.

“The Philippines’ growing middle class and the Duterte administration’s focus on promoting rural development could broaden the reach of the banking system, potentially resulting in more revenue streams,” said Land Bank of the Philippines market economist Guian Angelo S. Dumalagan.

Chamber of Thrift Banks President Rommel S. Latinazo said the sector remains “very optimistic” given the new administration’s thrust.

“I think we continue to push for inclusive growth that means when there is development in the countryside, it means more opportunities for lending activities and there’s a need for financing, credit facilities as well as consumer financing — these are the two main businesses of thrift banks,” Mr. Latinazo, who is also RCBC Savings Bank President and CEO, said.

“Of course there’s also that pronouncement from the administration that they’d like to push for the agricultural side and that’s where many thrift banks are positioned… [A]griculture means it’s not going to happen in Metro Manila, it will happen outside Metro Manila, in the provinces and that’s where most of us are positioned like the stand-alone thrift banks, so that’s also an opportunity that makes us positive,” he added.

Mr. Latinazo said consolidations among smaller banks will become more sensible amid stiffer competition in the near term.

“Consolidation remains to be the thrust of government. The BSP has been putting up incentives to encourage more integration, consolidation. That is happening [to] all sectors — rural banks, thrift banks and we see that continuing. Indications are there. A lot of foreign banks are looking at us, either by way of putting up their own or via investment in an existing bank,” Mr. Latinazo said.

Maybank ATR Kim Eng banking sector analyst Katherine Tan said mergers and acquisition “has been quite attractive because there’s a lot of growth potential, as we’re very underserved and the banking space remains underpenetrated.”

“We’ve already seen a lot of big banks acquiring rural banks for the past years and there’s been a lot and it’s still going to continue. We have over 600 bank in the Philippines and the consolidation would continue,” she said. — Imee Charlee C. Delavin

Car program hopes to spur local spare parts sector

��ý — Mon, 25 Jul 2016 05:33:53 +0000

By Roy Stephen C. Canivel

The Philippines’ car industry remains in a sweet spot.

Apart from sales rising yearly, the sector also recently received government support — a multibillion dollar financial incentive to help transform the country into a regional auto manufacturing hub.

Understandably, the challenge is daunting, ambitious even.

After all, other countries such as Thailand seem to be a better choice than the Philippines as far as car manufacturing is concerned.

This much is admitted by Rommel R. Gutierrez, first vice-president for Government Affairs at Toyota Motor Philippines.

Take Toyota’s Vios and Innova models, Mr. Gutierrez said.

While both vehicles are made locally and in Thailand, “it’s cheaper to import vehicles than to produce locally,” he said.

This is because Toyota’s local unit has no choice but buy more components from abroad, unlike Toyota’s Thai assembler which sources car parts locally.

“Thailand’s localization is very high, more than 80% while ours are only at 40%,” the Toyota executive said, adding that the industry will become more competitive if it sources its parts locally.

Program seeks to make cars have more local content

Starting 2010, the Philippines found it more difficult to compete when import barriers were pulled down in member countries of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA).

Under the AFTA’s Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT), taxes on imports — including those previously imposed on vehicles and components — were virtually removed.

As a result, several auto parts suppliers and some car manufacturers left the country since it was no longer competitive, Mr. Gutierrez explained.

After all, it was cheaper to import cars assembled abroad than it was to build them here.

But now, the government — through its Comprehensive Automotive Resurgence Strategy (CARS) program — plans to turn the situation around by increasing localized content to 60% from 40% by 2022.

With locally-built cars containing more parts sourced domestically, companies such as Toyota Philippines “can benefit,” Mr. Gutierrez said.

The CARS program, established by Executive Order 182 that was signed by President Benigno S. C. Aquino III on May 29 last year, provides incentives to three car makers to locally produce three car models with a production volume of at least 200,000 units respectively for up to six years, or an average of 33,333 vehicles per year.

The program also provides auto manufacturers and parts makers operating in the Philippines P4.5 billion in annual support for six years, or P27 billion in total, as well as other non-fiscal measures.

For its part, Toyota Motor Corp. plans to invest P3.22 billion ($70 million) in its Philippine division to increase local output and qualify for a new tax incentive. The Japanese automaker will build 230,000 Vios subcompact sedans.

This would help “close the cost gap” between importing and local production, he said, adding that the domestic sector needs to achieve economies of scale, bringing down cost of localization and resulting in more competitive production.

“You need to produce a lot because you need to spread the cost,” he said. “It’s not easy, but we are more than willing to take the challenge kasi (because) that’s the requirement.”

The Toyota executive, who is also president of Chamber of Automotive Manufacturers of the Philippines, Inc. (CAMPI), said that it has been a year since the “start of motorization,” which he said signaled a spike in total industry car sales reflecting the stronger purchasing power of the local market.

Toyota, Mitsubishi qualify for car program

Toyota has consistently reported the biggest sales in the Philippines, taking 45.12% of market share as of June this year alone, according to a monthly report issued by CAMPI together with the Truck Manufacturers Association.

By 2020, total market sales is expected to reach 500,000 units. However, this may be reached earlier than anticipated since 320,000 units were delivered last year, meeting the 2018 target of 300,000 way ahead of schedule.

As of this writing, only two companies qualified for the program: Toyota and Mitsubishi Motors Philippines. They received their certificates of recognition last June.

The fate of the third player that would help reach the program’s goal of producing 600,000 units is still unknown.

“We still don’t know if we’re going to open it up,” Trade Undersecretary Ceferino S. Rodolfo told reporters last June while at the sidelines of Mitsubishi’s groundbreaking ceremony of its Laguna stamping facility.

Manufacturers need to meet “the production volume that is needed for the Philippines to surmount the economies of scale and be regionally competitive,” he said.

“If they are accepted into the program, that does not mean that they will be already receiving the incentives. It depends on their performance,” he told reporters. Incentives would only be enjoyed by the manufacturers after they produce their first 100,000 units.

Meanwhile, as the country’s consistent top-selling car maker, Mr. Gutierrez says that the growing traffic does not necessarily post a harm on Toyota’s performance, citing increasing industry growth on the back of solid consumer demand.

“Traffic doesn’t seem to have an effect on our sales,” he said. “In fact, people would rather buy a car than suffer through our public transportation. That’s the irony of it.”

He also pointed out that car sales in the provinces — where roads are not as congested — remain substantial.

A lot of dealerships are now being put in the provinces and, as a result, sales are being dispersed across the region, he said. Sixty percent of its sales are in Metro Manila while the rest are divided among the rest of the areas.

Roy Stephen C. Canivel (@roycanivel on Twitter) covers telecommunications and trade for ��ý. He likes reading a good book and occasionally checks their summaries on several Web sites.

Indie artists try to benefit from Spotify while keeping day jobs

��ý — Mon, 25 Jul 2016 05:33:30 +0000

By Julianne S. Ruizol

It’s not easy being an independent Filipino musical artist.

Most of the time fellow musicians, fans, and listeners argue about the intricacies of Original Pilipino Music (OPM). Some say OPM is dead while others insist it’s alive but only in different reincarnations. After all, the local indie music scene is a hodgepodge of genres offering different flavors for everyone’s listening preference: jazz, hip hop, electronica, alternative, industrial, metal, blues — you name it, somebody else is likely to play it.

But the debate about OPM is just one part of living the independent musician’s life.

To survive, most local indie music artists and bands live off gigs and bookings and keep their day jobs, if only to stay true to being the “indies” that they are.

However, artistic integrity has its price.

To be considered as a fully functional band, a lot of investments have to be made.

Besides setting aside cash to pay for rehearsal space — P250 an hour — independent artists also need to bankroll their own music productions with expenses shared between band manager, technical crew, and other helping hands.

“There is no support,” Clarence Garcia, lead guitarist of tide/edit, an indie band, said in an interview. “You support yourself. Gone are the golden days of the music scene wherein you find a place you will regular play at and you will be discovered.”

This is exactly the reason why members of Oh, Flamingo! — a five-piece band which plays indie rock infused with tropical styles and elements — makes themselves available after gigs.

“You don’t leave immediately after your set. Early on, during our first few gig, we made it a point to stick around and really talk to the people who invited us. We were still new and unknown so you have to stay and talk, to establish further rapport, so to speak,” drummer Fries Bersales of Oh, Flamingo! said in a separate interview.

Another technique to sell their music involves at least one member who takes a position near the bar.

“That way, you can be approachable or at the entrance or outside so they know that you [already] played. You’re already available. Your defenses are down. You don’t have friends around you. [People] can already approach you,” Howard Luistro, Oh, Flamingo!’s vocalist and guitarist said.

Limited engagement with music labels

On occasion, bands like Oh, Flamingo! sign up with labels but only for engagements involving limited production releases covered by profit sharing agreements.

“Wide Eyed Records came to us and let us release our EP (extended play) under their label, so instead of just being able to produce 100, around 750 CDs [were produced] and then we agreed on sharing the profit. Everybody’s happy. Everything went back to us. It wasn’t a lopsided deal,” Pappu de Leon, Oh, Flamingo!’s lead guitarist, said.

The label also helped the band with the copyrights of their songs and with the distribution of their album to various commercial establishments including Team Manila and Satchmi. Other local bands who have enlisted the help of Wide Eyes Records are Halik ni Gringo and Ang Bandang Shirley, to name a few.

While their EP — a recording that’s more than a single but isn’t enough for a full album — is released under a label, the band themselves remain independent and do all the work themselves. A new contract would have to be signed if the band is seeking to release another album.

“It works for independent artists because we have creative freedom as compared to being signed to [major labels], you have a six-year contract,” the band said.

Meanwhile, other groups — while striving to keep their artistic independence — also take advantage of label’s e-commerce platforms to raise awareness and attract wider audiences.
Groups such as tide/edit and Fools and Foes are affiliated with A Spur of the Moment Project, along with other local indie bands including Run Dorothy and Tom’s Story.

Fools and Foes released their debut EP “Underneath the Roots” on December 4, 2015, while tide/edit has released an EP (“Ideas,” August 2012) and two full-length albums (“Foreign Languages,” June 2014; “Lightfoot,” November 2015).

Signing up with A Spur the Moment Project allows groups to take advantage of the label’s e-commerce platform.

“The e-commerce platform is a big help for us, for a band that doesn’t do live shows too often,” Lead guitarist Clarence Garcia of tide/edit said. “We’re a band that doesn’t really play live so it’s important for us so it works. We get to ship stuff locally, provincial orders, we get to ship even in overseas. I’m not sure why not everyone is doing it. It’s a basic requirement if you have something to sell. You have to make it [products] accessible for everyone.”

Using Spotify

Being self-made musicians, Oh, Flamingo! had their doubts using the platform at first saying they “thought we could do that on our own through aggregator website, but we realized maybe we won’t be able to manage that given our time constraints and resources.”

“We eventually saw Spotify as an opportunity to really exponentially spread our music because at least we can get people who not only buy the CD but [even] one with a smartphone can hear our music,” they added.

Fools and Foes said it “didn’t really upload music in Spotify to get revenue, but to get exposure. For a new indie band like us, it’s important to get our music out there.”

While members of tide/edit remain unsure whether they got traction from Spotify, they nevertheless see tweets tagging them, telling them that their listeners heard them first on Spotify.

Moreover, both Fools and Foes and Oh, Flamingo! believe that streaming and CD albums could go hand in hand with each other.

“It could go two ways. Some listeners can opt to listen to an artist via Spotify instead, while others, because they discovered the artist via Spotify, they could be encouraged to buy the artist’s physical CD. We definitely think online streaming is more rampant than listening to CDs. Technology as well is already phasing out the use of CDs,” said Fools and Foes in an email reply.

It may be too early to tell whether Spotify can help indie bands earn enough to keep them independent.

But for the moment, the music service nevertheless helps them distribute their music despite risks of related investments they’ve made.

So for now, none of them are planning to quit the day job or leave the rat race.

“Our goal is not how to make money,” tide/edit said. “Our goal is how not to lose money. It’s fun to be in a band. We enjoy the process. We enjoy what we’re doing and we want to do this over and over again.”

Julianne S. Ruizol (@sopraknows on Twitter) covers the Senate and the Department of Foreign Affairs for ��ý. Her wide music preferences range from 90s MTV to current Korean pop hits.

BPOs seek to expand, create more jobs in provinces

��ý — Mon, 25 Jul 2016 05:33:26 +0000

By. Raynan F. Javil

That remains to be a work in progress.

But it doesn’t mean that the private sector and the government aren’t working together to enhance the capacity of cities and towns outside Manila.

If the government aims to decentralize the growth, infrastructure should follow, Chermaine B. Muro, director of Premier BPO, Inc., told ��ý in an interview.

Measuring capacities of towns, cities

Mr. Hernandez added that aside from “The Next Wave City Report,” the IT-BPAP also named the top 20 emerging cities to watch out for.

In its latest report published in April, IT-BPAP announced the following as the Top 10 Next Wave Cities:

• Baguio City

• Cagayan de Oro City

• Dagupan City

• �ٲ��ñ��侱�ٲ�

• Dumaguete City

• Lipa City

• Malolos City

• Naga City

• Sta. Rosa City

• Laguna; and

• Taytay, Rizal

Moreover, the emerging cities seen to sustain the growth of the sector are:

• Balanga City

• Batangas City

• Iriga City

• Laoag City

• Legazpi City

• Puerto Princesa City

• ��ǳ油��侱�ٲ�

• Tarlac City

• Tuguegarao City

• Zamboanga City

He said that the dialogues between the association and the government are under way to identify the key strengths and opportunities in an area to attract investments.

Creating another million jobs

He also said that the Philippines’ IT-BPM is now about a tenth of the industry’s global size.

He also noted that during the past five years, the Philippine IT-BPM sector has been growing more than twice the global growth rate, and with this, the country can shift into high value services.

Part of the ambition of the industry is to diversify its services, Mr. Hernandez said, noting that the Philippines dominated the contact center industry since 2010.

Current technological trends present significant opportunities for the Philippines, he said.

Labor pool tricky outside Manila

One of the hurdles in the rapid expansion of the IT-BPM sector is the lack of qualified labor pool “that could actually work in an IT-BPO sector,” Premier BPO’s Ms. Muro also said.

Once you reach out and start expansion outside the capital, “the labor pool gets a little tricky,” Ms. Muro said.

In order to address this concern, Mr. Hernandez said that “the key is making sure human capital is able to get ready” as the landscape in the IT-BPM sector evolves through time.

Moreover, one of the reasons driving the expansion outside Manila, Ms. Muro said, is the cost of rent in the saturated central business districts in the capital.

She said that locating outside Manila is the trend right now for a BPO firm as it is the “cheaper way of expanding.”

New agency to help industry achieve milestones

Mr. Hernandez noted that the IT-BPAP was one of the first to call for the creation of the ICT department since the beginning.

Moreover the IT-BPAP said that it looks forward for a “strong partnership and collaboration” with the new administration.

The industry association further noted that “embracing digital trends presents a path for the Philippines to accelerate moving up to the higher value chain.”

“Disruption in technology can be considered a threat or can be embraced to take advantage of its opportunities,” IT-BPAP said.

Raynan F. Javil (@rajavil on Twitter) covers several beats — including the House of Representatives and the Office of the Vice-President — for ��ý.

Is change about to come for govt’s PPP program?

��ý — Mon, 25 Jul 2016 05:30:29 +0000

By Vince Alvic Alexis F. Nonato, Reporter

Within less than a month of President Rodrigo R. Duterte’s presidency, his economic managers have buckled down and began throwing around ideas to improve the flagship infrastructure program, which has been criticized for its slow pace and unenthusiastic response to unsolicited proposals.

Even before Mr. Duterte formally took office, Finance Secretary Carlos G. Dominguez III already issued a pronouncement that marked a reversal from the government’s previous stance.

“We will welcome unsolicited proposals. Government does not have a monopoly over innovative ideas,” Mr. Dominguez said in a June 29 forum organized by the Rizal Commercial Banking Corp.

This was in stark contrast to the position adopted by the government of President Benigno S.C. Aquino III, which had been unexcited about unsolicited proposals.

In fact, only one has so far been approved by the National Economic and Development Authority Board — the Metro Pacific Tollways Development Corp.’s P23.2-billion pitch to build a 13.4-kilometer, four lane road connecting the North Luzon Expressway and South Luzon Expressway.

Mr. Dominguez in the said forum also said the new administration will encourage local government units to “initiate their own development partnerships,” citing the recent inauguration of the P38.9-billion mixed-use reclamation project in Mr. Duterte’s hometown of Davao City.

The following week, National Economic and Development Authority Director-General Ernesto M. Pernia issued another pronouncement addressing the languid pace of the PPP program under the Aquino administration.

“We plan to reduce the time… from the start to bidding,” ��said in a briefing after the administration’s first Development Budget Coordinating Committee meeting on July 5. “The average length of time spent from the consideration of project proposal to bidding is about 29-30 months. We will try to cut that down to a third maybe, so things will move faster,” he said.

Focusing on the expenditure aspect, Budget Secretary Benjamin E. Diokno in his first briefing on July 14 said that the government aims to eventually increase the threshold of infrastructure spending to 7% of the gross domestic output. The first Duterte budget, for one, will spend 5.2% of the GDP, or a record P891 billion in 2017.

This was in contrast to the 5% infrastructure-to-GDP ratio committed by the previous administration, which Mr. Diokno claimed was more like “around 2-3% only,” as data was “fudged” by adding capital outlay on top of “pure” infrastructure.

Mr. Diokno added that plans for 24/7 construction on major public works projects in urban centers would also boost expenditure.

Change would not likely come at the expense of stability in the infrastructure sector, with Mr. Dominguez assuring “there will be no hiatus with the PPP projects that are coming up.”

“We’ll go ahead with all of them; we’ll just assume the administration did the right thing and we will push ahead,” he said during the ��ý Economic Forum 2016 on July 12.

PPP Center Executive Director Andre C. Palacios, during the same forum, said the sector was “very happy to hear the new President is saying that the PPP will be playing a key role in the infrastructure program of the Duterte administration.”

“We should understand not only is strong political support needed — sustained political support is necessary,” Mr. Palacios said. “We should understand that the average PPP contract has a life of 25 years, and will involve at least five Philippine presidents in the life of the project.”

Stain on Aquino govt’s infrastructure program

The PPP program basically taps into the third way of financing infrastructure projects — the private sector, as an alternative to direct government funding or foreign loans.

Mr. Palacios in his presentation before the ��ý Economic Forum noted the “huge gap” between the $57 billion that the government of President Benigno S.C. Aquino III was able to budget and the $127 billion needed to address infrastructure needs according to the Asian Development Bank.

“The gap is filled by $5 billion in foreign loans and grants, and $35 billion in private-financed infrastructure PPPs,” he said. “There is still a gap of $30 billion. Now, government could either raise the money and put it in its budget or further tap the private sector.”

The PPP was pitched by President Benigno S.C. Aquino III during his first State of the Nation Address as “our solution” to the country’s pressing infrastructure needs, at a time when “our funds will not be enough to meet them.”

By the end of his term, however, his administration was criticized for various delays, culminating in the failure to reach its target of awarding at least 15 projects.

When Mr. Aquino bowed out of office, only 12 projects with a cumulative project cost of P191.2 billion were awarded.

Already completed were the P2.23-billion Daang-Hari SLEX Link Road (Muntinlupa-Cavite Expressway) Project, the P1.72-billion Automatic Fare Collection System (AFCS), and the P9.89-billion PPP for School Infrastructure Project Phase I.

Other awarded projects are the P17.93-billion second phase of the NAIA Expressway Project, P3.86-billion PPP��for School Infrastructure Project Phase II, P5.61-billion Modernization of Philippine Orthopedic Center project, P17.52-billion Mactan-Cebu International Airport Passenger Terminal Building, P64.9-billion LRT Line 1 Cavite Extension and Operation & Maintenance project, P2.5-billion Southwest Integrated Transport System (ITS) Project, P35.43-billion Cavite-Laguna Expressway, P5.2-billion ITS South Terminal Project, and P24.41-billion Bulacan Bulk Water Supply Project.

It was the Philippine Orthopedic Center project that stained the Aquino infrastructure legacy, as winning bidder Megawide Construction Corp. rescinded the contract in November 2015 over the government’s failure to turn over the possession of the project site.

Former Health Secretary Janette P. Loreto-Garin told reporters in March that there were no qualified proposals from interested service providers to take over the project, effectively shelving it.

This was because of the government’s commitment on allotting 70% of the specialty hospital’s capacity to indigent patients or those enrolled under the state-run Philippine Health Insurance Corp. program, with the remaining 30% going to paying private patients.�� Private developers have not found the setup profitable enough to pursue.

One project was supposed to have hurdled the bidding stage already, but it ultimately ended in an auction failure.

None of the three qualified groups offered their bids for the P122.8-billion Laguna Lakeshore Expressway Dike Project in March. The developers have withdrawn from the project over qualms about the project’s viability.

Whether the project will have to go back to square one will depend on the feasibility review being done by the Department of Public Works and Highways, Mr. Palacios explained. If the original parameters that turned off developers are kept, the NEDA Board approval would still apply.

Registry project poised to be Duterte govt’s first PPP?

The awarding of the P1.59-billion Civil Registry System Information Technology Project Phase II narrowly missed being wrapped up by the Aquino administration. Instead, it is poised to be the first to be awarded by the Duterte government.

Only one bidder had submitted an offer and the Investment Coordination Committee would have to approve the lone bid first for compliance. Mr. Palacios said this was targeted for the first ICC meeting on Aug. 2.

Meanwhile, the submission of bids for ten projects remained pending. Five of these involve the development of regional airports: New Bohol (Panglao) Airport (P4.57 billion), Laguindingan Airport (P14.62 billion), Davao Airport (P40.57 billion), Bacolod Airport (P20.26 billion), and Iloilo Airport (P30.4 billion).

The other five were: the operation and maintenance of the LRT Line 2, the P18.99-billion Sasa Port modernization project in Davao City, the P298-million Road Transport IT Infrastructure Project, the P18.72-billion New Centennial Water Source-Kaliwa Dam Project, and the P50.18-billion Regional Prison Facility project.

Still in an equivalent stage is the aforementioned NLEx-SLEx Connector Road unsolicited proposal, which would be subject to a Swiss challenge this month.

These pending projects were not free of problems either, with several being beset by delays. For one, the regional prison facility, which will accommodate convicts to be transferred from the congested New Bilibid Prisons and Correction Institute for Women, has been postponed for almost a year over delays in the handover of land at the Fort Magsaysay military reservation.

Meanwhile, the P65.09-billion LRT Line 6 Project and the P170.7-billion North-South Railway Project are in the process of attracting prospective investors for prequalification.

Before the procurement for a PPP project takes off, a feasibility study would have to be prepared first and then evaluated by the concerned agency. Next, the ICC reviews and threshes out technical issues before it is submitted to the NEDA Board for approval.

When the Aquino administration ended, three projects P4.21-billion Integrated Transport System-North Terminal Project, the Rural Dairy Industry Development Project, and the Judiciary Infrastructure Development Project are undergoing feasibility studies. The P536.03-billion Manila Bay Integrated Flood Control, Coastal Defense and Expressway Project, meanwhile, is being evaluated by the DPWH.

The NEDA Board is currently evaluating five projects: the NAIA Development Project (P74.56 billion), the Plaridel Bypass Toll Road (P9.33 billion), the Philippine Travel Center Complex Project (P1.75 billion), the Batangas-Manila 1 Natural Gas Pipeline Project (P14.72 billion), and the New Nayong Pilipino at Entertainment City Project (P1.58 billion).

Delayed projects became political ammunition

In his last SONA, Mr. Aquino simply asked his constituents to “calm down” as the procurement process is long.

Instead, he defended the program by noting that his government has awarded more projects than the six accomplished by the preceding three administrations. Still, he did not elaborate how he planned to prevent further delays in the projects’ implementation.

“It doesn’t matter if I am unable to preside over the groundbreaking or ribbon-cutting. What is important is that these projects are well-planned and legal, so that when they are approved, construction can proceed quickly; the quality of the structure will withstand anyone’s scrutiny,” he said instead.

Perceived delays in the PPP program ended up providing ammunition for presidential candidates in decrying the inefficiency of the government. Opposition leader and former Vice-President Jejomar C. Binay even played with the acronym and repeatedly called the program a “Powerpoint presentation” that has been crippled by “paralysis by analysis.”

By the time Mr. Duterte has emerged as Mr. Aquino’s successor, his economic managers continued to echo the sentiment that the government fell short of reaching its PPP goals. Mr. Dominguez even used the “Powerpoint presentation” term to describe what had transpired under the previous government.

“This is first and foremost an opportunity to bring private sector participation in nation-building,” Mr. Dominguez said in June 29. “The PPP program will, in the new dispensation, no longer be merely a PowerPoint presentation.”

He assured the business sector that the implementation of the PPP program will be reviewed.

Mr. Palacios in a July 12 interview disclosed that the review is already underway, as the PPP Center started discussing with the NEDA how to streamline processes.

He explained that the PPP process tends to be slowest at the level of the ICC, because of its task to thresh out the technical issues before the NEDA Board evaluates a project’s policy implications.

Sustained political support necessary for infrastructure dev’t

On the issue of snail-paced processes, Mr. Palacios pointed out during the ��ý Economic Forum on July 12 that momentum would have to be first built by the Aquino government, to be sustained by the succeeding administrations.

“We should understand PPP programs require strong and sustained political support. We have been successful so far over the past six years and we look forwarded to continuing these good experience of having speedy implementation while maintaining integrity,” he said.

Saying “the challenges to the program really started with the capacity of the agencies,” Mr. Palacios noted the government would have to adjust from a traditional mindset in which it decided the design of the project and took over the operation of the asset once it is built.

“We needed to build the capacity of the agencies to understand they have a different role when undertaking infrastructure with a private partner in the long term. So that took a while,” Mr. Palacios said.

“But, I think the idea of the private sector being a long-term partner for infrastructure has caught on already. So we are there. If we have sustained and strong political support, the momentum can be continued.”

Mr. Dominguez said as much during ��ý’s July 12 forum. “To start with, they were just starting with a new system,” he acknowledged.

At the very least, the Duterte government will pick up on 17 projects that have not been finished when the Aquino administration bowed out.

“We will try to do all of those between now and the end of 2017, maybe even earlier,” Mr. Pernia said on July 12. “Unless there are problems with those projects, I think most of them can go.”

For Mr. Palacios, he looked back at the “sufficient experience in procurement and implementation which are then the basis for proposing policy reforms.”

“What we need to make sure is as we speed up the process we’re also ensuring the integrity of it, because at the end of the day, the cost will be shouldered by the Filipino people,” said Mr. Palacios.

Vince ALVIC ALEXIS F. Nonato (@VinceNonato on Twitter) is the court reporter for ��ý. He breaks down court decisions and rants about anime on Twitter. MARGARITA GONZALES (@famamfa on Twitter) designed and updated the charts.

The Duterte administration’s anti-corruption plans

��ý — Mon, 25 Jul 2016 05:28:16 +0000

By Bienvenido S. Oplas, Jr.

Corruption takes place when a person has the power to dispense certain actions or render services that other parties needs. Voters who sell their ballots in exchange for money and politicians buying them are both engaged in electoral corruption. Similarly, procurement officers who favor certain suppliers even if others can offer the same products or services at lower prices are also committing corruption.

Elevate the scene to a city or country level, and we can see or suspect large-scale corruption in various levels. Like a cabinet secretary favoring a particular supplier of construction materials and equipment, or arms and soldier uniforms, or school buildings and textbooks, or hospital equipment and medicines, even if other suppliers can deliver those goods and services at a lower price and/or better quality, corruption occurs.

To reduce or eliminate corruption, the process of procurement and signing of contracts should be made as transparent as possible. And the possibility of prosecution and imprisonment for wrongdoing should also be made as certain as possible. Because while the punishment can be as severe like the death penalty but if the chance of being caught and prosecuted is very small, then people will remain corrupt.

During the ��ý Economic Forum last July 12, 2016, Department of Finace (DoF) Secretary Carlos G. Dominguez III outlined some important anti-corruption measures of the Duterte administration. Among these are the following:

1. Reduce income tax (personal and corporate), raise the income tax exemption, all in at P1 million a year. This will reduce corruption in the payment and collection of income taxes, broaden the tax base and hence, can actually raise revenues overall.

2. Rationalize import permit papers, reduce the number of signatures, conduct random audit of shipments, and undertake certain processes outside Manila ports. This will reduce corruption at the Bureau of Customs (BoC).

3. Accelerate the Run After the Tax Evaders (RATE), Run After the Smugglers (RATS), and Revenue Integrity Protection Service (RIPS) programs of the DoF. Undersecretary Gil Beltran was appointed as the anti-red tape czar of the Department tasked to cut the transaction processes at the BIR, BoC, and other agencies under the DoF.

4. Maintain transparency in all dealings — the Executive Order (EO) on Freedom of Information (FoI) that will cover the Executive Department will be signed very soon. This will encourage zero tolerance for corruption.

There are other proposals and programs to reduce corruption at the DoF and other agencies, but the above were highlighted in his speech that day.

These are good proposals. Few permits and bureaucratic signatures can lead to a leaner and smaller government. Instead of 8 or 10 directors in one bureau that require 8 or 10 signatures, make it 4 or 5 and the transaction procedures will significantly improve. The number of officials and their offices will also decline and hence, the need for taxes and fees to keep them going will also be reduced. If people have more money in their pockets because government taxation and mandatory fees have declined, that is already one form of public service. Concrete, down to earth public service.

The extent of corruption in the Philippines is captured in various international reports and studies that are reported annually. One such important report is Transparency International’s (TI) Corruption Perception Index (CPI). TI interviews thousands of expats in many countries worldwide and see their perception of corruption or absence of it in the countries where they do business.

Other selected reports are also included in a separate table by TI. For this piece, four of such reports are included in the table below. These are the (a) World Economic Forum’s (WEF) Executive Opinion Survey (EOS), (b) World Justice Project’s (WJP) Rule of Law Index (RLI), (c) Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), and (d) IHS Global Insights (GI).

The Philippines has consistently scored only between 34 to 38 over the last four years of TI’s CPI annual reports. So out of 167 countries covered in the 2015 Report, the Philippines ranked 95th or within the lower half of the countries covered. And the Philippines’ low ranking is affirmed in its low score in the four other reports.

I am hoping that reforms initiated by the DoF and other departments of the Duterte administration will be implemented and sustained for the next six years. There will be significant improvement in the country’s corruption perception and reduction in actual practices of corruption in many government agencies, from local to national, and from the Executive to the Legislative and Judiciary.

Transparent and lean government is good. It will be beneficial for businesses and taxpayers and good for the officials and ordinary personnel in government. Trust and respect for both sides will also improve.

Bienvenido S. Oplas, Jr. (@noysky on Twitter) is the head of Minimal Government Thinkers and a SEANET Fellow. minimalgovernment@gmail.com

Vibrant art scene helps boost GDP

��ý — Mon, 25 Jul 2016 05:22:25 +0000

By Camille Anne M. Arcilla

Who says there’s no money in art?

Not the artists, their fans, and supporters in the Philippines’ art scene.

After all, experts and observers alike say that the local art market is “more vibrant than ever,” but not yet close to being saturated.

With the rise of social media connectivity and with more artist-entrepreneurs jumping into the bandwagon, the art scene continues to flourish, earning profits for establishments and — most importantly — delivering the creative industry’s rightful share in economic growth.

But just how much exactly has the creative industry contributed to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP)?

Former Cultural Center of the Philippines President Nestor O. Jardin has the answer, enumerating several pieces of data during in his talk, “Arts Management Speak,” held at the College of Saint Benilde in Malate, Manila on June 30.

According to Mr. Jardin, in 2008, the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines, together with World Intellectual Property Office, commissioned a study to measure the contribution of the creative industry to the Philippine economy, specifically in terms of gross domestic product contribution. Overall, in 2008, the creative industry contributed 4.82% to the GDP while providing 11.1% of employment to the country’s total work force.

The same two organizations conducted another survey in 2014 and the economic contribution in terms of GDP has increased to over 7.34% and the employment rose to 14.4%.

The cultural creative industry (CCI), according to the International Confederation of the Societies of Authors and Composers, marked $2.25 billion or 3% of the world’s GDP in 2015. It produced 29.5 million jobs or 1% of the world’s population.

The Asia and Pacific region topped the world’s CCI contributors, the report said, having $743 billion in revenues or 33% out of total, and generated 12.7 million jobs or 43% of the overall.

“It just shows us that the creative industry has been contributing more in the Philippine economy,” he said. “In 2016, it would [possibly] shot up higher.”

Flourishing visual arts scene

Of all creative fields, the Philippines’ visual arts scene may emerge as one of the biggest contributors to the economy since it is experiencing an upward trend, according to Mr. Jardin.

That scene is flourishing due to “the number of galleries being established, artworks being sold, and Filipino visual artists’ [recognized] in international auction houses,” he said in an interview. Other “support mechanisms” favorable to Filipino visual artists include art fairs such as Art Fair Philippines in Ayala, Art in the Park in Salcedo, and art fairs in SM Aura, which is organized by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA).

Art Fair Philippines and Art in the Park cofounder Trickie Lopa said both events are progressing fairly well.

“Art in the Park turned 10 this year and Art Fair Philippines will be celebrating its fifth edition in February 2017. I suppose it would it would not be irresponsible to say that both events are moving along nicely — progressing fairly well,” she said in an e-mailed interview.

Last February, Art Fair Philippines was participated in by 40 galleries, 11 of which are foreign, and was attended by 22,000 visitors. Art in the Park, on the other hand, was joined in by 60 exhibitors in April and was attended by 16,000 people.

“Certainly there is a marked increase from a decade ago — I’m only speaking of what I’ve observed for the visual arts. You have more people attending gallery shows, and there are definitely more galleries today,” she said.

Ms. Lopa added that the country now has a better defined art eco-system: galleries, museums, fairs, auction houses, and art schools. “These elements all contribute to a healthy art scene.”

These upbeat sentiments are also brought about by young Filipino artists who are up to date with global trends in their fields and have already made their presence felt in the international exhibition scene, ManilArt marketing and public relations director Tess Rayos del Sol said.

“With social media connectivity and our facility for the English language, they are able to join the discourse and exchange with artists from all parts of the globe… Much of emerging art draws from multicultural influences and contemporary issues,” she said.

Art as ‘blue chip’ investments

Auction houses have also reaped the benefits of the flourishing art scene.

Salcedo Auctions, which, according to its Web site, “sells work of leading local and international artists and artisans… with the theatricality and high drama of public bidding,” said support from patrons have been “phenomenal” ever since it was established seven years ago.

“We are elated that when we started this thing, it was not crazy after all. When we said we will open an auction house, everyone thought we were looney, that it wouldn’t work. Filipinos are shy, they won’t bid, and they won’t let go of their possessions,” Salcedo Auctions advisor Richie Lerma said.

The establishment’s steady growth can be attributed to two things: the Philippines’ overall economic expansion and the growing familiarity of the people to the auction process.

“[Collectors] are looking at the ‘investment’ quality of collectibles. It’s very important to underscore here that Salcedo Auctions has produced fine arts and collectibles in this scale in the Philippines,” he said.

Salcedo Auctions, which is run by and registered as KRM Management and Services, Inc. in the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), posted a gross income of P4,943,750 in 2014 — its latest available info on the SEC Web site — against P1,909,817 in 2013.

“Revenue has gone up year-to-year because we are now auctioning different categories such as jewelry and time pieces, furniture, books, maps, among other things,” Mr. Lerma said.

For his part, Jaime Ponce de Leon of Leon Gallery, another art auction house, said collectors are eyeing rare pieces in modern art and those works by artists who are considered as “blue chip” in the industry.

Leon Gallery reported P12,819,630 in revenues in 2014, the latest data available in SEC.

Mr. De Leon said the art scene in the Philippines has a direct relationship with how the West is doing, and has a positive effect in the Southeast Asia.

“Philippine art is growing. With the interest that is happening now, it should continue its path to be a center for art in Southeast Asia. The Philippine art is one, or if not, the most vibrant in Southeast Asia art scene,” he said.

In terms of survival, ManilArt Exhibitor Relations Director Silverio Ambrosio said auction houses will continue to prosper in the future.

“Auction houses will continue to survive, but keen selections and properly documented artworks will be the order of the day. Auction houses seem to enjoy keen competition amongst them,” he said.

“For as long as we get very good pieces, we encourage collectors to consign with us for as long as they have confidence with Leon Gallery, we will be able to sustain the operations. It’s all about confidence and relationship with collectors,” Mr. Lerma said.

Art market far from saturated

Contrary to what others may think, the Philippine art market is far from being saturated, ManilArt art fair Director Atty. Amy W. Loste said.

“The demand is growing as awareness spreads. In fact, Filipino galleries and artists should continue to actively vie for a bigger share of the international market, like Singapore and Hong Kong, as some areas are benefitting from the promotion of Filipino artists,” she said.

Ms. Loste also noted that countries that have a strong belief in their cultural dominance can actually capitalize on the arts and translate cultural development into the creative industry.

“I think France is a prime example. There is no reason why Filipinos cannot do the same,” she said. “We have a rich and distinctive cultural heritage in art, design, cuisine, music, etc. and with the Filipino diaspora all over the world, and there is no reason why Filipinos cannot claim our rightful place on the world stage.”

But even with a blooming art scene, Atty. Loste nevertheless emphasized the need for government support and policy.

“What we need more of is government support and policy that recognizes art and culture as being in the forefront of national life and integral to the development of our identity as a people,” she said.

Mr. Jardin echoed the same sentiment.

Governments in Asia have already focused on the creative industry and have seen its potential, unlike the Philippines where the creative industry is not even categorized as such in the Department of Trade and Industry.

“In Korea, the arts and culture is financed as an investment, rather than a grant, subsidy, or contribution, with an end view that the government will earn from this investment,” he said.

While creating a Department of Arts and Culture may add another layer of bureaucracy, it would help if someone on a “cabinet-level” would fight for the arts and culture, Mr. Jardin said. That person “can work on a bigger budget for the cultural agencies.”

Nevertheless, with Filipinos’ improved buying power and easy access to information, Mr. Ambrosio said the positive impact in the art scene will��somehow continue in the coming years.

“More young Filipinos with money to spare will continue to support the arts. Acquiring art is no longer confined to the elites — it is now part of a lifestyle,” he said.

And with the new administration coming in, artists, art managers and enthusiasts are hopeful that this progress will be sustained and developed more in the future.

“The economic fundamentals are there for the general Philippine economy. The new administration promised to continue the successes of the Aquino administration and I think that would include the arts and culture sector,” Mr. Jardin said.

Camille Anne M. Arcilla (@cam_arcilla on Twitter) covers the arts and theater beat for ��ý. She loves to travel when time and money permits. Margarita Samantha Gonzales (@famamfa on Twitter) designed the chart. ��ý Researcher christine joyce s. castañeda (@cjscastaneda on Twitter) helped provide data to the infographic.

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